Hold the Date
Colloquium: Dr. Malena Rice
×Insights from the Orbital Architectures of Planetary Systems
Dr. Malena Rice
Assistant Professor
Dept. of Astronomy
Yale University
The current configurations of planetary systems each provide a snapshot in time, encoding fossilized clues about the prevalence and diversity of systems’ evolutionary pathways. Orbital architectures, therefore, offer fundamental insights into the physical processes sculpting planetary systems at both the individual and population level. In this talk, I will describe recent advances in our understanding of the 3D orbital architectures of planetary systems, outlining both observational constraints and their theoretical implications. I will discuss how the dynamic relationship between stars, planets, and minor planets informs the underlying processes shaping diverse planetary systems, drawing from the interconnected subfields of exoplanet and solar system science.
Host: Dr. Ilaria Pascucci
LPL Colloquium: Dr. Thomas Purcell
×Creating Automated Workflows for Functional Materials Discovery
Dr. Thomas Purcell
Assistant Professor, Chemistry & Biochemistry
University of Arizona
Artificial intelligence (AI) creates models that can accelerate the discovery of functional materials. An open question is selecting the relevant materials features (descriptive parameters that characterize the material, that should be used to represent the material's function of interest, especially when there is a paucity of good-quality data. Here we present an approach that combines symbolic regression, and other regressors, with feature importance methods such as SHAP to select an optimal subset of primary features from a large pool of candidate inputs for a given dataset. We then test the approach on two different problems: thermal conductivity and electron mobility. For thermal conductivity we use a set of primary features related to different aspects of thermal conductivity and use the models plus importance metrics to learn the conditions needed for a computational funnel style workflow. We then supplement this dataset with information about the DFT calculated electronic bandstructure to learn the experimentally measured electron mobilities of 64 materials. For this example, the reduced dataset not only preserves the main signal found by SISSO, but also significantly enhances the model performance. Finally, we highlight how this approach can be used as a feature-selection criteria before learning a final model. The presented approach highlights how explainable AI techniques can not only act as a post hoc explanation generator for machine learning but also improve the training of models for smaller datasets.
Host: Dr. Mark Marley
Asteroid Bennu Comes From a Long-lost Salty World With Ingredients For Life
×
By NASA and Daniel Stolte/University Communications - January 29, 2025
Nature had the conditions to "cook up" the chemical precursor ingredients for life before Earth formed, according to two studies published by the sample analysis team of NASA's OSIRIS-REx mission, which is led by Dante Lauretta at the University of Arizona.
The OSIRIS-REx spacecraft returned a sample from asteroid Bennu in 2023, and following a year of in-depth analyses in labs across the globe, researchers conclude that these conditions and ingredients may have been common across the solar system, increasing the odds of life forming on other planets and moons.
"These samples from Bennu are an incredible discovery, showing that the building blocks of life were widespread across the early solar system," said Lauretta, Regents Professor of Planetary Science and Cosmochemistry at the U of A Lunar and Planetary Laboratory and a co-author on both papers. "By studying how these ingredients interacted in environments like those on Bennu and in places inferred for the early Earth – such as salty ponds similar to those Darwin once imagined – we can better understand how life might emerge and where to search for it beyond our planet."

Zoe Zeszut, lab manager and research scientist at the University of Arizona Kuiper-Arizona Laboratory for Astromaterials Analysis, prepares a vial containing extraterrestrial sample material for analysis.
Bennu coalesced from a small portion of the leftover rubble resulting from a giant collision of asteroids. Preserved in the vacuum of space since the solar system's formation about 4.5 billion years ago, the samples have provided scientists with unparalleled insights into the conditions of that era.
Based on their findings, presented in two publications in Nature and Nature Astronomy on Jan. 29, the researchers share several theories about the history of Bennu and the solar system.
Bennu’s molecular composition suggests the ice and organic compounds in its parent body originated in the extremely cold outermost disk of gas and dust that gave rise to the solar system.
Temperatures in the outer disk could dip to minus 400 degrees Fahrenheit, allowing volatile gases that easily evaporate in warmer conditions to accumulate and freeze – among them water vapor, carbon dioxide, methane and ammonia, which was detected in "exceptionally high" abundances in the Bennu samples, according to the Nature Astronomy paper.

Up-close image of a combined focused ion beam and secondary electron microscope in the Kuiper-Arizona Laboratory for Astromaterials Analysis. This instrument allows scientists to first scan a sample to find an interesting target, then cut it into cross sections.
Given the right environment, ammonia can react with formaldehyde, which was also detected in the samples, to form complex molecules such as amino acids – the building blocks of proteins. Fourteen of the 20 amino acids that life on Earth uses to make proteins are found in the Bennu sample. The research team also found all five nucleobases that life on Earth uses to encode structural information in more complex biomolecules like DNA and RNA.
"Besides pointing to the outer solar system origin of abundant ammonia in Bennu's ancestor, our work also supports the idea that objects that formed far from the sun could have been an important source of the raw ingredients for life throughout the solar system," said Danny Glavin, a senior sample scientist at NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center in Greenbelt, Maryland. Glavin, together with colleague Jason Dworkin, led the paper in Nature Astronomy.
With life's ingredients found in Bennu samples, the big question is: How did these building blocks turn into the chains of molecules needed to activate biology?
"You can have all the ingredients for whatever you want to make, but you have to have the environment to make them do something," said Tim McCoy, curator of meteorites at the Smithsonian's National Museum of Natural History in Washington, D.C.
Along with Sara Russell of the Natural History Museum in London, McCoy co-led 66 scientists from four continents in a study of minerals in the Bennu samples. In the Nature paper, they describe evidence of an ancient environment well-suited to kickstart the chemistry of life.
Ranging from calcite to halite and sylvite, scientists identified 11 minerals that comprise a complete set of "evaporites" from a brine, or salt-saturated water. These evaporites form as water containing dissolved salts evaporates over long periods of time, leaving behind the salts as solid crystals.
"We're seeing minerals in Bennu samples that we have never seen before in a meteorite or any extraterrestrial sample," McCoy said.
Finding evaporites indicates that the interior of Bennu's ancestor was warm enough to support liquid water for a substantial amount of time. Liquid water is necessary for life, as it facilitates its essential chemical reactions, while salts can prevent water from freezing. Salts also help concentrate simple molecules, making it easier for them to combine into the complex compounds life depends on.
While several evaporites have been reported from meteorite samples, the Bennu sample represents the first time researchers have seen a complete set preserving an evaporation process that could have lasted thousands of years or more. This process happens in basins of water on Earth, including drying lakes and shallow seas. The researchers deem it possible that on Bennu's ancestor, water could have existed in underground pockets or veins, but not on the surface, as it would have quickly boiled away due to lack of atmospheric pressure.
U of A co-authors on the two publications include Jessica Barnes, Harold Connolly, Dani DellaGiustina, Pierre Haenecour, Dolores Hill, Tom Zega and Zoe Zeszut, all of whom helped with sample analysis taking advantage of the advanced technological resources of U of A's Kuiper-Arizona Laboratory for Astromaterials Analysis. The following graduate students also were part of this work: Maizey Benner, Kana Ishimaru, Nicole Kerrison, Iunn Ong, Beau Prince, Lucas Smith.
UA News - Asteroid Bennu Comes From a Long-lost Salty World With Ingredients For Life
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Long, Feng | Kuiper 425 | 520-626-0367 | Postdoctoral Research Associate, Sagan Fellow |
Lucas, Pierre | Kuiper 11 | FIB-SEM User | |
Maciel, Ricardo | Kuiper 210 | Researcher/Scientist | |
Mack, John | Kuiper 11 | FIB-SEM User | |
Madej, Calista | Undergraduate Astrobiology Minor | ||
Madiraju, Aditya | Undergraduate Astrobiology Minor | ||
Malhotra, Renu | Kuiper 515 | Louise Foucar Marshall Science Research Professor, Regents Professor | |
Manepalli, Nandini | Undergraduate Astrobiology Minor | ||
Manga, Venkateswara Rao | Kuiper 509C | 520-626-7042 | Assistant Research Professor (MSE) |
Manu, Tinius | Undergraduate Astrobiology Minor | ||
Marchinek, Hayden | Kuiper 229 | Undergraduate Space Grant Intern | |
Marley, Mark S. he/him/his |
Kuiper 323 | 520-621-8623 | Director, Department Head, Professor |
Marshall, Rochelle | Kuiper 339 | 520-621-0326 | Administrative Associate |
Martin, McKinley | Undergraduate Astrobiology Minor | ||
Martinez, Berenice she/her |
Kuiper 339 | 520-621-4676 | Administrative Assistant |
Martinez Castillo, Jasmine | Kuiper 212 | Undergraduate Space Grant Intern | |
Martinović, Mihailo | Kuiper 413 | 520-626-9810 | Researcher/Scientist |
Marusiak, Angela | Kuiper 401 | 520-626-5507 | Assistant Research Professor |
Mastaler, Ronald | Kuiper 223 | 520-626-6988 | Observer, Spacewatch |
Matheson, Iggy | Graduate PTYS Minor | ||
Matsuyama, Isamu | Kuiper 527A | 520-621-4002 | Professor |
Mattison, Kane | Kuiper 220/222 | Undergraduate Student Employee | |
McArthur, Guy | Sonett 102H | 520-626-0765 | Data Applications Developer, HiRISE |
McBride, Vrinda | Kuiper 243 | Undergraduate Astrobiology Minor, Undergraduate Student Employee | |
McCray, Aaron | Kuiper 509B | Undergraduate Space Grant Intern | |
McEwen, Alfred | Sonett 204 | 520-621-4573 | Regents Professor |
McFadden, Kiana | Kuiper 322 | 520-626-6160 | PTYS Graduate Student |
McKenna, Thea | Kuiper 351 | PTYS Graduate Student | |
Mcmahon, Thomas | Kuiper 220/222 | 520-621-3595 | Lab User, ASPERA |
McMillan, Robert (Bob) | Kuiper 225 | 520-621-6968 | Research Professor (Retired) |
Media/Outreach, LPL | Kuiper 317 | 520-621-2828 | |
Medina, Fabian | Kuiper 11 | FIB-SEM User | |
Melikyan, Robert | Kuiper 320 | 520-626-5876 | PTYS Graduate Student |
Melso, Nicole | Kuiper 220/222 | 520-621-3595 | Lab User, ASPERA |
Mewhirter, Lindsay | Undergraduate Astrobiology Minor | ||
Meyer, Cole he/him/his |
Kuiper 351 | PTYS Graduate Student | |
Michael, Emma | Undergraduate Astrobiology Minor | ||
Miranda, Miren they/he |
Kuiper 243 | Undergraduate Student Employee | |
Molaro, Jamie | DCC Visiting Scientist (Nolan) | ||
Montano, Megan | Kuiper 429 | Research Technician, OSIRIS-APEX | |
Moradi, Ashraf | Kuiper 409A | Postdoctoral Research Associate | |
Moruzzi, Samantha | Kuiper 320 | 520-626-5479 | PTYS Graduate Student |
Muralidharan, Krishna | Mines 125E | 520-626-8997 | Professor |
Myers, Samuel he/him |
Kuiper 334 | 520-621-1632 | PTYS Graduate Student |
Nagle, Peyton | Kuiper 243 | Undergraduate Student Employee | |
Nasreldine, Sam | Graduate Astrobiology Minor | ||
Neish, Catherine | DCC Associate Research (Hamilton) | ||
Nerozzi, Stefano he/him/his |
Sonett 25 | Assistant Research Professor | |
Neugebauer, Marcia | 520-647-3833 | DCC Visiting Research Scientist (Giacalone) | |
Nguyen, Fuda he/they |
Kuiper 322 | 520-621-1485 | PTYS Graduate Student |
Nielsen, Sarah | Undergraduate Astrobiology Minor, Undergraduate PTYS Minor, Undergraduate Student Employee, OSIRIS-REx | ||
Nikhade, Ishani | Undergraduate Astrobiology Minor | ||
Nolan, Michael | Kuiper 429B | 520-626-1978 | Deputy Principal Investigator, OSIRIS-APEX, Research Professor |
O'Brien, Patrick | Kuiper 523C | DCC Research Associate | |
O'Connell, James | Sonett 25 | 520-626-9487 | Undergraduate Student Employee |
Okubo, Chris | 520-626-1458 | DCC Visiting Scholar (McEwen) | |
Olup, Sophia | Undergraduate Astrobiology Minor | ||
Ong, Iunn | Kuiper 241 | PTYS Graduate Student | |
Orosco, Bertha she/her |
Kuiper 325 | 520-626-6713 | Administrative Associate |
Oved, Jesse he/him |
Kuiper 450A | Undergraduate Student Employee | |
Papendick, Singleton | Sonett 218 | 520-626-6715 | Science Operations Engineer, HiRISE |
Pascucci, Ilaria | Kuiper 532 | 520-626-5373 | Professor |
Paton, Henry he/him/his |
Kuiper 231 | Undergraduate Student Employee | |
Pearson, Neil | Kuiper 243/245 | 520-626-5610 | DCC Lab Manager (Reddy) |
Pedroza, Francisco | Kuiper 339 | 520-621-6967 | Undergraduate Student Employee |
Pelletier, Jon | Gould-Simpson 360 | 520-621-2126 | Professor |
Perry, Jason | Sonett 119H | 520-621-2498 | Staff Technician, HiRISE |
Petersen, Scott he/him |
Kuiper 231 | Undergraduate Student Employee | |
Philbrick, Jeremy | Kuiper 9 | Raman User | |
Phillips, Michael | Kuiper 450 | Researcher/Scientist | |
Plassmann, Joe | Sonett 205 | 520-621-6946 | Computing Systems Manager, PIRL/HiRISE |
Polit, Anjani she/her |
Kuiper 429F | 520-626-1138 | Deputy Principal Investigator, OSIRIS-APEX |
Prince, Beau he/him |
Kuiper 318 | 520-626-5464 | PTYS Graduate Student |
Quintero, Cuauhtemoc | Kuiper 323 | Undergraduate Student Employee | |
Qureshi, Ahmad he/him/his |
Space Grant Intern | ||
Rajeev, Srishti | Undergraduate Astrobiology Minor | ||
Ralph, Imani | Undergraduate Astrobiology Minor | ||
Ramirez, Gisselle | Undergraduate Astrobiology Minor | ||
Ranjan, Sukrit he/him |
Kuiper 428 | 520-626-5874 | Assistant Professor |
Rankin, David | Kuiper 509J | 520-621-6899 | R&D Operations Engineer, Catalina Sky Survey |
Ravi, Rajat | Graduate Astrobiology Minor | ||
Read, Michael | Kuiper 211 | 520-621-2876 | Chief Engineer/Observer, Spacewatch |
Reddy, Vishnu | Kuiper 233 | 1-808-342-8932, 520-621-6969 | Professor |
Reese, Tyler | Kuiper 351 | PTYS Graduate Student | |
Register, Ashley she/her |
Kuiper 353 | 520-621-6943 | Teaching Teams Intern |
Reyes, Kira | Undergraduate PTYS Minor | ||
Rieke, George | Steward 272 | 520-621-2832 | Regents Professor |
Rinaldi, Stephanie | Kuiper 9 | Raman User | |
Rizk, Bashar | Kuiper 429G | 520-621-1160, 520-240-5988 | Research Scientist/Senior Staff Scientist, OSIRIS-REx/OCAMS |
Robinson, Tyler he/him/his |
Kuiper 417 | 520-626-6077 | Associate Professor |
Robinthal, Lily she/her |
Kuiper 326 | PTYS Graduate Student | |
Robison, Sue | Sonett 107 | Business Manager, Senior, HiRISE | |
Robison, Marcela she/her |
Kuiper 339C | 520-621-4505 | Grant and Contract Administrator |
Roper, Heather | Drake 104E | 520-626-1970 | Media Specialist, Senior |
Roy, Arkadeep | Graduate PTYS Minor | ||
Russell, Joellen | Gould-Simpson 309 | 520-626-2194 | Department Head, Geosciences, University Distinguished Professor |
Ryan, Andrew he/him |
Kuiper 519D | 520-626-6966 | Researcher/Scientist, OSIRIS-REx |
Saedi-Marghmaleki, Isaac | Sonett 10B | R&D Engineer (Bray) | |
Salazar, Savannah she/her/hers |
Kuiper 519E | 520-621-2343 | Administrative Associate |
Saltzman, Tisha | Sonett 163 | 520-621-2065 | Manager, Business-Finance, GUSTO, Manager, Business-Finance, NEO Surveyor |
Sanchez, Juan | Kuiper 243 | 520-621-2692 | Visiting Scientist |
Sandel, Bill | Sonett 145 | 520-621-4073 | Senior Research Scientist (Retired) |
Santra, Pratik | Graduate PTYS Minor | ||
Schaller, Christian | Sonett 102E | 520-626-0767 | Spacecraft Operations Software Engineer, HiRISE |
Scheidt, Stephen | DCC Associate Staff Scientist (Hamilton) | ||
Schools, Joseph | Kuiper 237 | 520-626-3806 | Researcher/Scientist |
Schwartz, Stephen | DCC Associate Staff Scientist (Asphaug) | ||
Scotti, James | Kuiper 209 | 520-621-2717, 520-578-8739 | Observer, Spacewatch |
Seaman, Robert | Kuiper 517 | 520-621-4077 | Data Engineer, Senior, Data Engineer, Senior, Catalina Sky Survey |
Shah, Manav Kamlesh | TEM User | ||
Shankarappa, Niranjana | Kuiper 423 | 520-626-6589 | Graduate PTYS Minor |
Shanks, Jeremy | Undergraduate Astrobiology Minor | ||
Sharma, Kunal he/him/his |
Kuiper 11 | FIB-SEM User | |
Shea, Peter | Undergraduate Astrobiology Minor | ||
Sheeley, Neil | Kuiper 423 | 520-626-5065 | DCC Visiting Research Scientist (Giacalone) |
Shelly, Frank | Kuiper 501B | 520-621-6899 | Senior Systems Programmer, Catalina Sky Survey |
Siegler, Matthew | DCC Associate Research (Marley) | ||
Sing, David | DCC Visiting Associate Professor (Marley) | ||
Singh, Christina she/her |
Kuiper 351 | PTYS Graduate Student | |
Smith, Kayla | Kuiper 351 | PTYS Graduate Student | |
Smith, Savannah | Kuiper 519D | Undergraduate Space Grant Intern | |
Smith, Lucas | Kuiper 235A | PTYS Graduate Student | |
Smith, Peter | Professor Emeritus | ||
Smith, Cade he/him |
Kuiper 531 | Undergraduate Space Grant Intern | |
Sorich, Aviana | Kuiper 9 | Raman User | |
Sosa, Joshua He/Him |
520-621-0290 | Web Developer | |
Soto Robles, Paulina she/her |
Kuiper 436 | Research Data Support Specialist | |
Spitale, Joseph | Instructional Specialist | ||
Spring, Isaiah | Graduate PTYS Minor | ||
Spurling, Reed | Undergraduate PTYS Minor | ||
Stephenson, Peter | Kuiper 239 | 520-621-2127 | Postdoctoral Research Associate |
Strom, Robert | Professor Emeritus | ||
Sutton, Sarah she/her |
Sonett 207 | 520-626-0759 | Photogrammetry Program Lead, HiRISE, Researcher/Scientist |
Swindle, Timothy | Kuiper 422 | 520-621-4128 | Professor Emeritus |
Systems, LPL | Kuiper 444 | 520-621-5462 | |
Tanquary, Hannah | Kuiper 220/222 | 520-621-3595 | Lab User, ASPERA |
Taylor, Anna She/Her |
Kuiper 201 | PTYS Graduate Student | |
Tennyson, Abigail | Undergraduate PTYS Minor | ||
Tomasko, Martin | Research Professor (Retired) | ||
Troike, RC | Kuiper 339, Kuiper 347 | Undergraduate Student Employee | |
Truong, Daniel | Kuiper 220 | 520-621-3595 | R&D Engineer/Scientist |
Tubbiolo, Andrew | Kuiper 211 | 520-621-2876 | Engineer/Observer, Spacewatch |
Tucker, Wesley | Kuiper 440 | Postdoctoral Research Associate | |
Tuohy, Madison | Kuiper 201 | Graduate Student, Other | |
Tushar, Arif | Undergraduate PTYS Minor | ||
Uppnor, Sumedha | Kuiper 220/222 | 520-621-3595 | Lab User, ASPERA |
Valentine, Chase | Undergraduate Astrobiology Minor | ||
van Asselt, Madalyn | Undergraduate Astrobiology Minor | ||
Van Auken, Robin | Kuiper 351 | PTYS Graduate Student | |
Vance, Leonard | Graduate PTYS Minor | ||
Vargas, Carlos | Kuiper 220/222 | 520-621-3595 | Lab User, ASPERA |
Varnam, Matthew | DCC Research Associate (Hamilton) | ||
Vega Santiago, Nathalia | Kuiper 201 | PTYS Graduate Student | |
Verts, Bill | Kuiper 220/222 | 520-621-3595 | Lab User, ASPERA |
Vider, Jacob | Kuiper 220/222 | 520-621-3595 | Lab User, ASPERA |
Voigt, Joana | DCC Research Associate (Hamilton) | ||
Von Ahn, Sophie | Undergraduate Astrobiology Minor | ||
Wang, Jingyu | Kuiper 322 | PTYS Graduate Student | |
Webmaster, LPL | 520-621-2828 | ||
Wehbi, Sawsan | Graduate Astrobiology Minor | ||
Wells, Mathew | Kuiper 519C | 520-626-9098 | Administrative Associate |
Westermann, Mathilde | Kuiper 534 | 520-621-4382 | Lead GIS Development Engineer, OSIRIS-REx |
Wheeler, Andrew | Graduate Astrobiology Minor | ||
Wierzchos, Kacper | Kuiper 509J | 520-621-6899 | Research Specialist, Senior, Catalina Sky Survey |
Williams, Michael | Lead Engineer, Spaceflight | ||
Wilmarth, Lindsay she/her |
Undergraduate Student Employee | ||
Wilson, Garret | Undergraduate Astrobiology Minor | ||
Windsor, James He/Him/His |
Postdoctoral Research Associate | ||
Wolner, Catherine she/they |
Kuiper 519B | 520-621-6095 | Editor, OSIRIS-REx |
Wondrak, Philip | Kuiper 9 | Raman User | |
Woodney, Laura | DCC Visiting Professor (Harris) | ||
Wray, James | DCC Associate Research (McEwen) | ||
Wu, Bo-Han | TEM User | ||
Xie, Chengyan | Kuiper 324 | 520-626-3814 | PTYS Graduate Student |
Ye, Piaoran | Kuiper 9 | Raman User | |
Yelle, Roger | Kuiper 525 | 520-621-6243, 520-320-0386 | Professor |
Yescas, Naomi She/Her |
Kuiper 220, Kuiper 423 | 520-626-6626 | R&D Electrical Engineer |
Youdin, Andrew | Steward Obs N418 | 520-626-4731 | Professor |
Yusufoglu, Muhammed | Kuiper 9 | Raman User | |
Zega, Tom | Kuiper 522 | 520-626-1356 | Professor |
Zeszut, Zoe | Kuiper 19D | 520-621-5944 | Researcher/Scientist |
Zhang, Liang | Kuiper 11 | FIB-SEM User |

PTYS/LPL Faculty
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Kuiper 438
Jeffrey Andrews-Hanna
Professor
Lunar Studies, Planetary Geophysics, Planetary Surfaces, Titan & Outer Solar System
My research focuses on understanding the processes acting on the surfaces and interiors of the solid-surface planets and moons in our solar system. I am interested in geodynamic, tectonic, magmatic, hydrologic, and climatic processes, at scales ranging from local to global. To this end, I combine the analysis of gravity, topography, and other remote sensing datasets with numerical modeling. Current research interests include terrestrial planet tectonics, volcanism, impact basins, and hydrology; with projects on the Moon, Mars, Venus, and Pluto.
Ph.D., 2006, Washington University
Years with LPL: 2017

PTYS/LPL Faculty
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Steward N208B
Dániel Apai
Interim Associate Dean for Research, College of Science, Principal Investigator, Alien Earths, Professor
Astrobiology, Exoplanets, Planetary Atmospheres, Planetary Formation and Evolution
Dr. Apai’s research focuses on exoplanetary systems, including planet formation, planetary atmospheres, exoplanet discovery and characterization. His work covers habitable and non-habitable small exoplanets, gas giant exoplanets, and brown dwarfs.
Read more about Dr. Apai's research on his website and blog on exoplanet exploration and astrobiology.
Ph.D., 2004, University of Heidelberg
Years with LPL: 2011 to present

PTYS/LPL Faculty
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Kuiper 426, Drake 104H
Erik Asphaug
Professor
Lunar Studies, Planetary Analogs, Planetary Geophysics, Planetary Surfaces, Small Bodies, Theoretical Astrophysics, Titan & Outer Solar System
I study giant impacts that dominate the late stage of planet and satellite formation, such as that which formed the Moon, that can explain why planets are so diverse and sometimes hemispherically dichotomous. I also study the geophysics of asteroids, comets and small moons, the 'small bodies' left over from accretion. I study the strength properties of meteorites and the origin of chondrules. Motivated students have led me to study other topics such as lakes and patterned ground on Mars, the delivery of volatiles to the lunar surface, and Saturn's rings. I am on the science team of NASA's Psyche mission, and ESA's Hera mission to Didymos, and JAXA's MMX mission to the Martian moons. I am Science PI of the SpaceTREx laboratory at U Arizona that is advancing miniaturized space exploration and small cubesat laboratories for low-gravity research.
B.S., 1984, Rice University; Ph.D., 1993, University of Arizona
Years with LPL: 2017

PTYS/LPL Faculty
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Kuiper 436
Travis Barman
Professor
Exoplanets
My research delves into both theoretical and observational aspects of extrasolar planets. As a lead developer of the PHOENIX model atmosphere code, I am responsible for maintaining and expanding its abilities to predict and interpret the atmospheric properties of exoplanets and brown dwarfs. My theoretical work is used extensively in ground-based direct-imaging planet search programs, in particular as a lead investigator for the new Gemini Planet Imager Survey. I am also heavily involved in programs focused on spectroscopy of extrasolar planets, from transiting to directly imaged. By comparing theoretical model spectra to real photometric and spectroscopic observations, a variety of planet properties can be deduced. Atmospheric structure (horizontal and vertical run of temperature and pressure), surface gravities, chemical composition, and global wind patterns are a few examples of the kinds of planet properties we seek through model observation comparisons.
Ph.D., 2002, University of Georgia
Years with LPL: 2013 to present

Jessica Barnes (She/Her)
PTYS/LPL Faculty
×
Kuiper 540
Jessica Barnes (She/Her)
Associate Professor
Cosmochemistry, Lunar Studies, Planetary Analogs
My research focuses on understanding the origin and evolution of volatiles in the solar system. I utilize a combination of nano and microanalytical techniques in the Kuiper-Arizona Laboratory for Astromaterials Analysis to study mineralogy, geochemistry, isotopes and petrological histories of a wide range of extraterrestrial materials.
My group is currently engaged in a project under the umbrella of Apollo Next-Generation Sample Analysis (ANGSA) program. The release of sample 71036 presents a unique opportunity to study volatiles in a basalt that has been frozen and specially preserved since its return and to compare those results with basalts of similar bulk chemistries that have been stored at room temperature. This exceptional suite of basalts also offers a chance to unravel the history of volatile loss on the Moon, from the onset of mineral crystallization through vesicle formation, sampling, and subsequent curation. We are conducting a detailed study of the major, minor, and volatile element chemistry (including H isotopes) of H-bearing minerals and melt inclusions in four Apollo 17 basalts, and to determine the U-Pb and Ar ages of the basalts.
Other ongoing projects include investigating the petrology of igneous lunar samples, coordinated microanalysis of meteorites to investigate the evolution of water in the Martian crust, and studies aimed at assessing the inventories and origins of volatiles on primitive chondritic and achondritic asteroids. The latter includes studies of samples recently returned from asteroid Bennu by the OSIRIS-REx space mission.
Ph.D., 2015, The Open University and The Natural History Museum, London UK
Years with LPL: Fall 2019

PTYS/LPL Faculty
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Sonett 214
Veronica Bray (She/Her)
Associate Research Professor
Lunar Studies, Planetary Analogs, Planetary Surfaces
Dr. Veronica Bray is Planetary Scientist and Spacecraft Science Operations Engineer at the University of Arizona. Dr Bray's past and current research projects focus on impact cratering, channel formation, fracturing and landscape evolution on a variety of planetary bodies - both rocky and icy. She uses observations at multiple wavelengths, computer modeling, terrestrial fieldwork and theoretical analysis to study the surface processes themselves and also the surface/sub-surface properties of planetary bodies.
Please note I am not planning to accept new graduate students in 2024-2025. You can find opportunities being advertised with other LPL faculty here: Current Research Opportunities.
Ph.D., 2008, Imperial College London
Years with LPL: 2008-present

PTYS/LPL Faculty
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Kuiper 524
Shane Byrne (He/Him)
Professor
Astrobiology, Photogrammetry, Planetary Analogs, Planetary Geophysics, Planetary Surfaces, Titan & Outer Solar System
I am interested in surface processes on planetary bodies throughout the solar system, especially those processes that affect, or are driven by, planetary ices. I enjoy working with a diverse group of graduate students and postdocs. Our areas of activity include Martian ice stability, polar stratigraphy and connection to past climates; Ceres ice, both cryovolcanic and as a source of water vapor; and ice-sublimation landforms on a variety of bodies.
Missions are a big part of what we do. I’m a co-Investigator on the HiRISE and CaSSIS cameras at Mars and a Guest Investigator on the Dawn mission at Ceres. I’m also the director of the Space Imagery Center, a NASA Regional Planetary Image Facility. We archive planetary spacecraft and telescopic data not available online and conduct many outreach events.
Ph.D., 2003, California Institute of Technology
Years with LPL: 2007 to present

PTYS/LPL Faculty
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Kuiper 533A
Lynn Carter (she/her)
Associate Department Head, Professor, University Distinguished Scholar
Earth, Lunar Studies, Planetary Analogs, Planetary Geophysics, Planetary Surfaces, Titan & Outer Solar System
Dr. Carter’s research interests include volcanism and impact cratering on the terrestrial planets and Moon, surface properties of asteroids and outer Solar System moons, planetary analog field studies, climate change, and the development of radar remote sensing techniques. She is currently the Science Team Lead for the NASA-provided VenSAR radar on the ESA EnVision mission to Venus. She is also a team member on the RIMFAX radar on Mars2020/Perseverance, the Shadowcam camera on Korea Pathfinder Lunar Orbiter, the REASON radar on Europa Clipper, the Shallow Radar (SHARAD) radar on Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter, and the Mini-RF radar on Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter. She also uses Earth-based telescopic radar data to study polarimetric synthetic aperture images of planets, the Moon and asteroids. She has previously used ground penetrating radar at multiple field sites including Kilauea lava flows and pyroclastics in Hawaii, Sunset crater and Meteor crater in Arizona, and permafrost sites near Bonanza Creek outside of Fairbanks Alaska. She is also part of a team at NASA Goddard Space Flight Center developing a polarimetric digital beamforming radar system for planetary or Earth orbiter missions. This radar system was recently awarded First Runner Up for the NASA Government Invention of the Year Award.
Ph.D., 2005, Cornell University
Years with LPL: 2016 to present

PTYS/LPL Faculty
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Kuiper 526
Dani Mendoza DellaGiustina (she/her)
Assistant Professor, Deputy Principal Investigator, OSIRIS-REx, Principal Investigator, OSIRIS-APEX
Earth, Photogrammetry, Planetary Analogs, Planetary Geophysics, Planetary Surfaces, Small Bodies
Ph.D., 2021, University of Arizona
Years with LPL: 2014 to present

PTYS/LPL Faculty
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Kuiper 411
Joe Giacalone
Professor
Solar and Heliospheric Research, Theoretical Astrophysics
Dr. Giacalone's core research interests include understanding the origin, acceleration, and propagation of cosmic rays, and other charged-particle species in the magnetic fields of space, and general topics in space plasma physics, and astrophysics.
He develops physics-based theoretical and computational models which are used to interpret in situ spacecraft observations. He is interested in the general properties of solar, interplanetary, and galactic magnetic fields.
Currently, he is studying the origin of large solar-energetic particle events (a.k.a. solar cosmic rays) which involves a number of diverse aspects of solar physics and space physics. He has written papers describing the propagation of solar-flare particles from the Sun to the Earth where they are observed by spacecraft such as ACE, Ulysses, Wind, etc.
He is also interested in the general topic of particle acceleration in astrophysical plasmas.
Ph.D. 1991, University of Kansas
Years with LPL: 1993 to present

PTYS/LPL Faculty
×
Kuiper 530
Pierre Haenecour (he/him)
Assistant Professor
Astrobiology, Cosmochemistry, Planetary Astronomy, Small Bodies
“Where the telescope ends, the microscope begins. Which of the two has the grander view?” Victor Hugo (Les Misérables, 1862)
My research focus on the building blocks and early history of the Solar System history, and the origin of life through coordinated in-situ laboratory analyses of circumstellar and interstellar dust grains and organic molecules in unequiliberated planetary materials (e.g., meteorites, micrometeorites and interplanetary dust particles) using nano and microanalytical techniques in the Kuiper-Arizona Laboratory for Astromaterials Analysis and Planetary Materials Research Group. Circumstellar dust grains, also called stardust or presolar grains, formed in previous generations of stars, were included in the materials in the molecular cloud from which our solar system formed, and were preserved in asteroids and comets. As bona fide dust grains from stars, the laboratory analysis of presolar grains provides a 'snapshot' of conditions (e.g., nucleosynthesis, temperature, pressure and dust condensation process) in their parent stars at the time of the grain's formation. Furthermore, as building blocks our own Solar System, the comparison of the chemical composition, abundance and distribution of presolar grains provide us insight into the early stages of solar system formation.
I also use in-situ heating experiments inside electron microscopes (both SEM and TEM) to constrain variations in elemental and isotopic compositions, mineralogies, microstructures, textures and morphologies of bioessential compounds in function of the conditions (e.g., temperature and time) of thermal processes on asteroids. As prebiotic components, understanding the thermal history of these materials is crucial to unveil their origin(s) and evolution, as well as to constrain the delivery of bioessential elements to the Earth.
My group is also actively working on getting ready for the analysis of samples from asteroid (101955) Bennu that are being returned to Earth by the NASA OSIRIS-REx mission, and on the NASA Alien Earths project to advance our understanding of how nearby planetary systems formed and which systems are more likely to harbor habitable worlds.
Ph.D., 2016 Washington University in St. Louis
Years with LPL: 2017 to present

PTYS/LPL Faculty
×
Kuiper 430
Christopher Hamilton
Associate Professor
Astrobiology, Earth, Lunar Studies, Photogrammetry, Planetary Analogs, Planetary Geophysics, Planetary Surfaces
Dr. Hamilton's research focuses on geological surface processes to better understand the evolution of the Earth and other planetary bodies. His specialty relates to volcanology and specifically to lava flows, magma-water interactions, and explosive eruptions using a combination of field observations, remote sensing, geospatial analysis, machine learning, and geophysical modeling. These topics provide insight into the evolution of planetary interiors, surfaces, and atmospheres through magma production, ascent, and volcanism.
Ph.D., 2010, University of Hawaii
Years with LPL: 2014 to present

PTYS/LPL Faculty
×
Kuiper 221
Walter Harris
Professor
Planetary Astronomy, Planetary Atmospheres, Small Bodies, Solar and Heliospheric Research
Dr. Harris' research is focused on the structure of thin atmospheres and their transition to and interactions with the space environment. He is particularly interested the information that comet atmospheres provide about basic photochemical processes, the formation of the solar system, and the characteristics of the solar wind. He is also engaged in an ongoing study of the plasma interface between the solar wind and interstellar medium via remote sensing of interstellar neutral material as it passes through the solar system.
In addition to their observational program, Dr. Harris' group has an active instrument development effort in the area of spatial heterodyne spectroscopy, or SHS. SHS instruments occupy a special observational niche by providing very high velocity resolution of angularly extended emission line targets with much higher sensitivity than classical spectroscopy. Current funding for SHS development has led to new instruments for both ground (visible band) and suborbital (far ultraviolet) observations of comets and the interplanetary medium.
Ph.D., 1993, University of Michigan
Years with LPL: 2013 to present

Jack Holt

PTYS/LPL Faculty
×
Kuiper 509B
Lon Hood
Research Professor
Earth, Planetary Geophysics
My research is currently focused on two interdisciplinary areas: (1) Coupling between the Earth's stratosphere and troposphere; and (2) mapping and interpretation of planetary crustal magnetic fields. The stratosphere / troposphere coupling work is oriented toward understanding the effects of stratospheric processes (mainly the QBO and solar forcing) on tropospheric circulation and climate. The planetary crustal magnetic field work is most recently aimed at mapping newly acquired orbital magnetometer data at Mercury and at resolving long-standing issues relating to the origin of lunar crustal magnetism.
Ph.D., 1979, UCLA
Years with LPL: 1979 to present

PTYS/LPL Faculty
×
Drake 115, Kuiper 218
Ellen Howell
Research Professor
Small Bodies
Dr. Howell's research interests are small solar system bodies, asteroids and comets. She uses a variety of observational tools at wavelengths ranging from visible to radio to study the composition, size, shape, and surface structures of these bodies.
Ph.D., 1995, University of Arizona
Years with LPL: 2015 to present

PTYS/LPL Faculty
×
Kuiper 431
Kristopher Klein
Associate Professor
Solar and Heliospheric Research, Theoretical Astrophysics
Dr. Klein's research focuses on studying fundamental plasma phenomena that governs the dynamics of systems within our heliosphere as well as more distant astrophysical bodies. He has particular interest in identifying heating and energization mechanisms in turbulent plasmas, such as the Sun's extended atmosphere known as the solar wind, as well as evaluating the effects of the departure from local thermodynamic equilibrium on nearly collisionless plasmas which are ubiquitous in space environments. As part of this work, Prof. Klein is a co-developer of the Arbitrary Linear Plasma Solver (ALPS) numerical dispersion solver, an open source code used for quantifying the behavior of such non-equilibrium systems.
These systems are studied with a combination of analytic theory and numerical simulation, including large-scale nonlinear turbulence codes such as AstroGK, HVM, and gkeyll. These theoretical predictions are compared to in situ observations from spacecraft including NASA's Wind, MMS and Parker Solar Probe mission, as well as the upcoming HelioSwarm mission, which will fly nine spacecraft between the Earth and moon to characterize the transport and dissipation of turbulent energy in space plasmas. By comparing theory with local plasma measurements, we aim to answer a variety of questions about the behavior of plasma in our solar system.
Ph.D., 2013, University of Iowa
Years with LPL: 2017

PTYS/LPL Faculty
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Kuiper 353
Steve Kortenkamp
Professor of Practice
Science education, with an emphasis on developing and exploring techniques for teaching astronomy to students who are blind (developed 3D tactile resources in image below). Planet formation and orbital dynamics of asteroids, dust particles, planetesimals. Children's science author for struggling readers in grades K-8.
Ph.D., 1996, University of Florida
Years with LPL: 2001 to present

PTYS/LPL Faculty
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Kuiper 421
Tommi Koskinen
Associate Department Head, Associate Professor
Exoplanets, Planetary Atmospheres, Planetary Formation and Evolution, Titan & Outer Solar System
Dr. Koskinen’s research focuses on the structure and evolution of planet and satellite atmospheres in the solar system and extrasolar planetary systems. He is particularly interested in the physics and chemistry of the middle and upper atmosphere that he studies through both the analysis of observations and theoretical modeling. His research covers a wide range of different objects and techniques in the spirit of comparative planetology, which is critical to our understanding of the evolution of planetary atmospheres and environments in general. Dr. Koskinen served as a participating scientist on the Cassini mission and he is still actively involved in research on the atmospheres of Saturn and Titan. In addition, he develops and maintains models of exoplanet atmospheres that are required to interpret current and planned observations as well as to simulate mass loss and address questions on long-term evolution.
Ph.D., 2008, University College London
Years with LPL: 2009 to present

Dante Lauretta
PTYS/LPL Faculty
×
Kuiper 536
Dante Lauretta
Director, Arizona Astrobiology Center, Principal Investigator, OSIRIS-REx, Regents Professor
Astrobiology, Cosmochemistry, Small Bodies
Arizona Astrobiology Center
Dante Lauretta is a Regents Professor of Planetary Science and Cosmochemistry at the University of Arizona's Lunar and Planetary Laboratory and the Director of the Arizona Astrobiology Center. He is an expert in near-Earth asteroid formation and evolution and serves as the Principal Investigator of NASA's OSIRIS-REx Asteroid Sample Return mission. OSIRIS-REx is the United States' flagship mission to explore a potentially hazardous near-Earth asteroid, Bennu, to study its physical and chemical properties, assess its impact risk, evaluate its resource potential, and return a pristine sample to Earth for detailed scientific analysis.
The spacecraft launched in September 2016, reached Bennu in 2018, and successfully collected a sample in October 2020. On September 24, 2023, the mission achieved a major milestone when the sample capsule returned to Earth. The analysis of these samples is currently underway, offering groundbreaking insights into the origin of life, the processes that shaped the early solar system, and Earth's development as a habitable world.
Dante is also affiliated with NASA's OSIRIS-APEX mission, which builds on OSIRIS-REx's success by extending its exploration of asteroids. Having led the OSIRIS-REx mission to its historic sample return, Dante has since handed the leadership of OSIRIS-APEX to the next generation, ensuring the continued exploration of the solar system by fostering new talent and ideas.
In addition to his leadership roles, he maintains an active research program in cosmochemistry and astrobiology, focusing on understanding the chemical evolution of the solar system and the formation of organic molecules essential for life.
View Dante Lauretta’s TEDx Talk: How asteroid hunters are solving Earth's greatest mysteries
Ph.D., 1997, Washington University
Years with LPL: 2001 to present

Renu Malhotra
PTYS/LPL Faculty
×
Kuiper 515
Renu Malhotra
Louise Foucar Marshall Science Research Professor, Regents Professor
Astrobiology, Exoplanets, Orbital Dynamics, Planetary Formation and Evolution, Small Bodies, Theoretical Astrophysics
Professor Malhotra's research spans orbital dynamics in the solar system and in exo-solar planetary systems. Current topics of research are: theory of orbital resonances, stability and chaos in the asteroid belt and in the Kuiper belt, orbital evolution mechanisms of near-Earth asteroids, the orbital migration history of the giant planets, and the dynamics of exo-solar planetary systems.
Ph.D., 1988, Cornell University
Years with LPL: 2000 to present

PTYS/LPL Faculty
×
Kuiper 323
Mark S. Marley (he/him/his)
Director, Department Head, Professor
Exoplanets
Exoplanets; Planetary Formation and Evolution, Extrasolar planets, planetary and brown dwarf atmospheres, ring seismology.
Ph.D., 1990, University of Arizona
Years with LPL: 2021 to present

PTYS/LPL Faculty
×
Kuiper 401
Angela Marusiak
Assistant Research Professor
Lunar Studies, Planetary Analogs, Planetary Geophysics, Small Bodies, Titan & Outer Solar System
I study how seismology and seismic instrumentation can be used to explore bodies in our solar system. As a member of the InSight team I was focused on detecting deep structure, including the size of the martian core. For the Dragonfly mission, I'm interested in how clathrates may alter the internal structure and seismic response of Titan. As a member of the LEMS team, I'll be helping to build the next astronaut-deployed seismometers on the Moon. Once LEMS is deployed, we'll be able to study the Moon's seismicity and learn about its interior structure.
Ph.D., 2020 University of Maryland
Years with LPL: 2023 to present

PTYS/LPL Faculty
×
Kuiper 527A
Isamu Matsuyama
Professor
Astrobiology, Exoplanets, Lunar Studies, Planetary Formation and Evolution, Planetary Geophysics, Theoretical Astrophysics, Titan & Outer Solar System
Dr. Matsuyama is interested in the physics of planetary interiors and evolution, with an emphasis on understanding the processes that led to the extraordinary diversity of the solar system. He develops theoretical models which are used to interpret spacecraft and ground-based observations.
Current research interests involve improving our understanding of (1) the formation and evolution of the Moon by analysis of the global lunar figure, which provides a record of prior orbital and rotational states; and (2) characterization of the thermal and orbital evolution of icy satellites, with particular emphasis on determining the long-term survivability of their subsurface oceans.
Ph.D., 2005, University of Toronto
Years with LPL: 2011 to present

PTYS/LPL Faculty
×
Sonett 204
Alfred McEwen
Regents Professor
Astrobiology, Lunar Studies, Photogrammetry, Planetary Analogs, Planetary Geophysics, Planetary Surfaces
Dr. McEwen is a planetary geologist and director of the Planetary Image Research Laboratory (PIRL). He is working on several active spacecraft experiments, listed below.
His major research interest is understanding active geologic processes such as volcanism, impact cratering, and slope processes. For Mars and the Moon he is studying a broad range of topics in planetary geology. He is also pursuing studies and proposals for future missions and experiments at Earth and to Jupiter's moons Io and Europa.
Ph.D., 1988, Arizona State University
Years with LPL: 1996 to present

Stefano Nerozzi (he/him/his)
PTYS/LPL Faculty
×
Sonett 25
Stefano Nerozzi (he/him/his)
Assistant Research Professor
Earth, Planetary Analogs, Planetary Geophysics, Planetary Surfaces
I'm an Italian planetary geologist interested in surface processes and near-subsurface geology and geophysics. My main area of expertise is remote sensing with a focus on radar sounding. I study a wide variety of geological features on Mars, ranging from polar deposits to low-latitude outflow channels systems. On Earth, I study debris covered glaciers as analogs to mid-latitude glaciers on Mars via ground penetrating radar, passive seismic techniques, and thermal profilers. I have a strong interest in instrument development, which ranges from modification of commercial seismometers to the design and construction of thermal profilers and environmental sensors.
Ph.D., 2019, The University of Texas at Austin
Years with LPL: 2025 to present

PTYS/LPL Faculty
×
Kuiper 532
Ilaria Pascucci
Professor
Astrobiology, Exoplanets, Planetary Astronomy, Planetary Formation and Evolution
My research is directed towards understanding how planets form and evolve and how common are planetary systems like our own Solar system. To this end, my group carries out observations aimed at characterizing the physical and chemical evolution of gaseous dust disks around young stars, the birth sites of planets. In addition, we use exoplanet surveys to re-construct the intrinsic frequency of planets around mature stars. By linking the birth sites of planets to the exoplanet populations, we contribute to building a comprehensive and predictive planet formation theory, a necessary step in identifying which nearby stars most likely host a habitable planet like Earth.
Ph.D., 2004, Max Planck Institute for Astronomy Heidelberg
Years with LPL: 2011 to present

PTYS/LPL Faculty
×
Kuiper 428
Sukrit Ranjan (he/him)
Assistant Professor
Astrobiology, Earth, Exoplanets, Planetary Atmospheres, Planetary Formation and Evolution, Theoretical Astrophysics
Astrobiology, Earth, Early Earth, Exoplanets; Planetary Formation and Evolution, Origin of Life, Planetary Atmospheres, Photochemistry, Theoretical Astrophysics
Ph.D., 2017, Harvard University
Years with LPL: 2022 to present

PTYS/LPL Faculty
×
Kuiper 233
Vishnu Reddy
Professor
Cosmochemistry, Planetary Astronomy, Planetary Surfaces, Small Bodies, Space Situational Awareness
Dr. Reddy’s research focuses on understanding the behavior of space objects (natural and artificial) using a range of Earth and space-based assets. His work on natural moving objects (asteroids, near-Earth objects) is directed towards their characterization for impact hazard assessment/mitigation, asteroid-meteorite link and resource utilization. To this effort, Dr. Reddy uses the NASA Infrared Telescope Facility on Mauna Kea, Hawai’i.
The orbital space around the Earth is an invaluable resource that is increasingly becoming congested, contested, and competitive with the ever increasing threat from artificial and our adversaries. Dr. Reddy uses the same techniques used to characterize asteroid to study the behavior of artificial objects to identify their nature, intent and origin. He is setting up a space material characterization lab to observe the reflectance properties of natural (meteorites/minerals) and artificial space material in space like conditions.
Ph.D., 2009, University of North Dakota
Years with LPL: Spring 2016

PTYS/LPL Faculty
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Steward 272
George Rieke
Regents Professor
Planetary Astronomy
Dr. Rieke is currently conducting research programs in planetary debris disks and their relation to the evolution of planetary systems, and in the evolution of star formation in infrared galaxies.
Ph.D., 1969, Harvard
Years with LPL: 1970 to present

PTYS/LPL Faculty
×
Kuiper 417
Tyler Robinson (he/him/his)
Associate Professor
Exoplanets
Tyler uses sophisticated radiative transfer and climate tools to study the atmospheres of Solar System worlds, exoplanets, and brown dwarfs. Tyler also develops instrument models for exoplanet direct imaging. He combines these areas of expertise in his work on the Habitable Exoplanet Observatory (HabEx) Science and Technology Definition Team, and in his contributions to the LUVOIR, WFIRST/Rendezvous, and Origins Space Telescope mission concept studies. Tyler is a Cottrell Scholar, as well as a former NASA Sagan Fellow and NASA Postdoctoral Program Fellow.
Ph.D., 2012, University of Washington
Years with LPL: Since 2022

PTYS/LPL Faculty
×
Kuiper 525
Roger Yelle
Professor
Astrobiology, Exoplanets, Planetary Atmospheres, Titan & Outer Solar System
Professor Yelle studies the atmospheres in our solar system and the atmospheres of extra-solar planets. He analyzes telescopic and spacecraft data and constructs theories and models to determine the composition and structure of atmospheres and their interaction with surfaces and interplanetary space. Current projects include the study of chemical, thermal and dynamical processes in Titan’s upper atmosphere using primarily data from the Cassini mission to the Saturn system, escape processes on Titan, Mars, and extra-solar planets, and the composition and chemistry of the martian atmosphere. Yelle is a member of the Cassini Ion Neutral Mass Spectrometer Team and a co-I on the planned Maven mission to study the upper atmosphere of Mars.
Ph.D., 1984, University of Wisconsin-Madison
Years with LPL: 2001 to present

PTYS/LPL Faculty
×
Kuiper 522
Tom Zega
Professor
Astrobiology, Cosmochemistry, Small Bodies
Dr. Zega applies a microscopy- and microanalysis-based approach to study the chemical and physical evolution of the early solar system. He uses ultrahigh-resolution ion- and electron-microscopy, including focused-ion-beam scanning-electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy, to determine the composition and structure of planetary materials at scales ranging from millimeters down to the atomic. Such information is supported by computational thermodynamics to gain novel insights materials origins. His current research is focused on origin of refractory inclusions that formed the first solar-system solids and sulfides that formed in the early solar nebula. He is also involved in the analysis of samples returned by the JAXA Hayabusa missions to asteroid Itokawa and Ryugu, and those returned from asteroid Bennu by NASA’s OSIRIS-REx mission.
Ph.D., 2003, Arizona State University
Years with LPL: 2011 to present

Brett Carr (he/him/his)
PTYS/LPL Faculty
×
Kuiper 442
Brett Carr (he/him/his)
Researcher/Scientist
Earth, Lunar Studies, Photogrammetry, Planetary Analogs, Planetary Surfaces
I am a volcanologist studying the physical processes driving volcanic eruptions. I combine observational and numerical modeling techniques towards my primary goal of building a more complete understanding of active volcanism. I develop new ways to collect and analyze remote sensing observations to better capture volcanic eruption processes. I am particularly interested in the eruptive cycles of persistently active volcanoes and the drivers of changes in activity style. This broad topic includes projects investigating lava dome growth and collapse, lava flow emplacement, and transitions between effusive and explosive activity. By understanding how and why a volcano erupts, I aim to help improve assessment of the numerous hazards associated with eruptions. I also specialize in applications of unoccupied aircraft systems (UAS) and photogrammetry in volcanic environments. My recent work has included field campaigns to Indonesia, the Galápagos Islands, Hawaii, Italy, and Iceland.
Ph.D., 2016, Arizona State University

PTYS/LPL Faculty
×
Kuiper 215
Erich Karkoschka
Research Scientist/Senior Staff Scientist
Planetary Astronomy, Planetary Atmospheres, Planetary Surfaces, Titan & Outer Solar System
Spectroscopy, photometry, development of astronomical instruments, data reduction techniques, modeling planetary atmospheres (chemical composition, vertical and horizontal structure of aerosol distribution, aerosol properties), methane and ammonia absorption spectra, interpretation of planetary ring and satellite photometry, Titan surface.
Ph.D., 1990, The University of Arizona
Years with LPL: 1983-

Ricardo Maciel

Michael Phillips

PTYS/LPL Faculty
×
Kuiper 237
Joseph Schools
Researcher/Scientist
My research focuses on the study of planetary interiors through geodynamic and petrological modeling. I create models of silicate melt processes in the lithosphere of planetary bodies in order to constrain their interior structures in the absence of instrumentation. I am particularly interested in the tectonic-magmatic processes of Venus and Jupiter's moon Io.
Ph.D., 2020, University of Maryland, College Park
Years with LPL: 2023 to present

PTYS/LPL Faculty
×
Sonett 207
Sarah Sutton (she/her)
Photogrammetry Program Lead, HiRISE, Researcher/Scientist
Earth, Lunar Studies, Photogrammetry, Planetary Analogs, Planetary Surfaces, Small Bodies
Ph.D., 2022, The University of Arizona
Years with LPL: 19

Adam Battle (he/him/his)
PTYS/LPL Postdocs
×
Kuiper 245
Adam Battle (he/him/his)
R&D Software Engineer, SPACE 4 Center
Asteroid Surveys, Small Bodies, Space Situational Awareness
Photometric and visible to near-infrared spectral characterization of space objects as applied to both Space Situational Awareness and the study of small bodies in the solar system.
Advisor(s): Vishnu Reddy

Laura Chaves (she/her/hers)

Ashraf Moradi
PTYS/LPL Postdocs
×
Kuiper 409A
Ashraf Moradi
Postdoctoral Research Associate
Solar and Heliospheric Research
The effect of the Interplanetary Transport on the Ground-level Enhancement (GLE) events.
Transport of Solar Energetic Particles into the Interplanetary Space.
Modeling the Photospheric Surface Flows.
Expansion of the open magnetic fluxtubes into the inner corona.
Advisor(s): Joe Giacalone

Wesley Tucker

Roberto Aguilar

Rahul Arora

PTYS/LPL Graduate Students
×
Kuiper 316
Namya Baijal
PTYS Graduate Student
Planetary Geophysics, Planetary Surfaces, Small Bodies

PTYS/LPL Graduate Students
×
Kuiper 318
Maizey Benner (she/they)
PTYS Graduate Student
Cosmochemistry

PTYS/LPL Graduate Students
×
Kuiper 324
Galen Bergsten
PTYS Graduate Student
Astrobiology, Exoplanets, Planetary Atmospheres, Planetary Formation and Evolution

PTYS/LPL Graduate Students
×
Kuiper 338
Rishi Chandra
PTYS Graduate Student
Earth, Lunar Studies, Planetary Analogs, Planetary Geophysics, Planetary Surfaces, Small Bodies

Michael Daniel
PTYS/LPL Graduate Students
×
Sonett 10C
Michael Daniel
PTYS Graduate Student
Earth, Planetary Surfaces
Interests: My primary interests are in glaciology, mass accumulation on glaciers, and climate change impacts on glaciers.
Research: My current research project is mapping out snow depths in the Gulf of Alaska to better understand glacier mass balance in this region. This is done by interpreting radar results from airborne and surface-coupled ground penetrating radar to extract seasonal snow accumulation amounts. Additional work is being done to compare these ground penetrating radar results to satellite and re-analysis products.
Field Experience: I have done field work on; Seward Glacier (Yukon, Canada), Galena Creek Rock Glacier (Wyoming, USA), and Sulphur Creek Rock Glacier (Wyoming, USA) to collect ground penetrating radar data and other geophysical data.

PTYS/LPL Graduate Students
×
Kuiper 316
Searra Foote (she/her)
PTYS Graduate Student
Astrobiology, Exoplanets, Planetary Atmospheres
I study exoplanet atmospheres with an astrobiological perspective

Ruby Fulford (She/Her)
PTYS/LPL Graduate Students
×
Kuiper 201
Ruby Fulford (She/Her)
PTYS Graduate Student
Astrobiology, Planetary Geophysics, Planetary Surfaces, Small Bodies, Titan & Outer Solar System

Kiki Gonglewski

Gabriel Gowman

Joanna Hardesty
Devin Hoover

PTYS/LPL Graduate Students
×
Kuiper 316
Lori Huseby
PTYS Graduate Student
Exoplanets, Planetary Atmospheres

Rocio Jacobo Bojorquez (she/her)
Nicole Kerrison (she/they)

Euibin Kim

Melissa Kontogiannis (she/her)

Chaucer Langbert (they/them)

Thea McKenna
Cole Meyer (he/him/his)
PTYS/LPL Graduate Students
×Kuiper 351
Cole Meyer (he/him/his)
PTYS Graduate Student
Planetary Atmospheres, Planetary Surfaces, Solar and Heliospheric Research

PTYS/LPL Graduate Students
×
Kuiper 320
Samantha Moruzzi
PTYS Graduate Student
Planetary Analogs, Planetary Geophysics, Planetary Surfaces, Titan & Outer Solar System

PTYS/LPL Graduate Students
×
Kuiper 334
Samuel Myers (he/him)
PTYS Graduate Student
Small Bodies

PTYS/LPL Graduate Students
×
Kuiper 322
Fuda Nguyen (he/they)
PTYS Graduate Student
Exoplanets, Planetary Atmospheres, Planetary Formation and Evolution, Theoretical Astrophysics

Iunn Ong

Tyler Reese

Lily Robinthal (she/her)
PTYS/LPL Graduate Students
×
Kuiper 326
Lily Robinthal (she/her)
PTYS Graduate Student
Astrobiology, Exoplanets, Planetary Astronomy, Planetary Atmospheres

Christina Singh (she/her)
PTYS/LPL Graduate Students
×
Kuiper 351
Christina Singh (she/her)
PTYS Graduate Student
Astrobiology, Photogrammetry, Planetary Analogs, Planetary Surfaces

Lucas Smith

Kayla Smith
Anna Taylor (She/Her)
PTYS/LPL Graduate Students
×Kuiper 201
Anna Taylor (She/Her)
PTYS Graduate Student
Exoplanets, Planetary Atmospheres, Theoretical Astrophysics
Robin Van Auken

Nathalia Vega Santiago

Jingyu Wang
PTYS/LPL Graduate Students
×
Kuiper 322
Jingyu Wang
PTYS Graduate Student
Astrobiology, Exoplanets, Planetary Astronomy, Planetary Atmospheres

More Evidence for 9th Planet on Solar System's Fringes
By Daniel Stolte -
More Evidence for 9th Planet on Solar System's Fringes
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By Daniel Stolte - University Communications, October 21, 2016
As the search for a hypothetical, unseen planet far beyond Neptune's orbit continues, research by a University of Arizona team provides additional support for the possible existence of such a world and narrows the range of its parameters and location.
Led by Renu Malhotra, a Regents' Professor of Planetary Sciences in the UA's Lunar and Planetary Laboratory, the team found that the four Kuiper Belt Objects with the longest known orbital periods revolve around the sun in patterns most readily explained by the presence of a hypothetical "Planet Nine" approximately 10 times the mass of Earth. Malhotra presented the results at the 48th meeting of the Division for Planetary Sciences of the American Astronomical Society in Pasadena, California.
According to the researchers' calculations, such a hypothetical planet would complete one orbit around the sun about every 17,000 years and, at its farthest point from our central star, it would swing out more than 660 astronomical units, with one AU being the average distance between the Earth and the sun.
Scientists think that objects in the Kuiper Belt, a vast region of dwarf planets and icy rocks populating the fringes of our solar system beyond the orbit of Neptune, dance mostly to the tune of the giant planets — Saturn, Jupiter, Uranus and Neptune — and are influenced by their gravity either directly or indirectly.
However, there are a few known Kuiper Belt objects, or KBOs, that are unlikely to be significantly perturbed by the known giant planets in their current orbits. Referred to as "extreme KBOs," or eKBOs, by the authors, all of these have extremely large orbital eccentricities. In other words, they get very close to the sun at one point on their orbital journey, only to swing far out into space once they pass the sun, on long elliptical orbits that take these strange mini-worlds hundreds of AUs away from the sun.
"We analyzed the data of these most distant Kuiper Belt Objects," Malhotra said, "and noticed something peculiar, suggesting they were in some kind of resonances with an unseen planet."
In their paper, "Corralling a Distant Planet With Extreme Resonant Kuiper Belt Objects," Malhotra and her co-authors, Kathryn Volk and Xianyu Wang, point out peculiarities of the orbits of the extreme KBOs that went unnoticed until now: They found that the orbital period ratios of these objects are close to ratios of small whole numbers. An example of this would be one KBO traveling around the sun once while another takes twice as long, or three times as long, or four times as long, etc. — but not, say, 2.7 times as long.
According to the authors, such ratios could arise most naturally if the extreme KBOs' orbital periods are in small whole-number ratios with a massive planet, which would help to stabilize the highly elliptical orbits of eKBOs.
The findings bolster previous work by other scientists that showed that six of those bodies travel on highly eccentric orbits whose long axes all point in the same direction. This clustering of orbital parameters of the most distant KBOs suggested a large, planetary size body shepherding their orbits.
Another paper published earlier this year presented the results of numerical simulations providing a range of possibilities for the mass and orbit for such a hypothetical planet, which could account for the observed clustering of eKBO orbits.
"Our paper provides more specific estimates for the mass and orbit that this planet would have, and, more importantly, constraints on its current position within its orbit," Malhotra said.
The team's calculations also suggest two likely orbital planes for the planet: one moderately close to the mean plane of the solar system and near the mean plane of the four eKBOs at about 18 degrees, and one steeper plane, inclined at about 48 degrees.
While the results provide additional support for the idea of a potential "Planet Nine" and lay out possible scenarios, the authors stress that their paper should not be considered definitive proof of the planet's existence.
For one, the very far and faint KBOs haven't been observed for very long, and, given their minuscule apparent motion along their immensely long journeys around the sun, the estimates for their closeness to whole-number ratios of orbital periods come with uncertainties that can be narrowed down only through more observations.
The authors also note that the long orbital timescales in this region of the outer solar system may allow formally unstable orbits to persist for very long times, possibly even to the age of the solar system, without the help of orbital resonances. In this scenario, orbits whose orderly parameters appear as testimony to the stabilizing influence of an unseen planet may in fact be in the process of deterioration but haven't been observed long enough for it to show.
Future observations and studies into the dynamical lifetimes of non-resonant planet-crossing orbits in the far regions of the outer solar system could help to further test the case for the existence and whereabouts of a ninth planet, Malhotra and her co-authors write.

Boynton's Mission to Mars, 30 Years in the Making
By Emily Litvack
Boynton's Mission to Mars, 30 Years in the Making
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By Emily Litvack, October 17, 2016
Before his life's work got to Mars, Bill Boynton toiled, witnessed an explosion, and mourned a loss. It's been 15 years since Mars Odyssey arrived at the red planet, and now Boynton talks about how it all came to be.
Mars Observer
In the 1980s, "space science" was just 11.5 percent of NASA's budget, and planetary science was an even smaller slice of that. The saying was "Better, faster, cheaper." (Boynton says "Pick two.") Out of this climate of tightfistedness, the Planetary Observer line was born. Planetary Observers were to be built on the cheap, using common technology from old spacecraft. The first and onlyobserver, the Mars Observer, launched in 1992, a whole 17 years after the United States' last mission to Mars. The Mars Observer was the culmination of eight years of work and $813 million – the original budget allocated $212 million – and it exploded just two days before it was due to arrive at Mars in 1993.
Boynton, professor of planetary sciences at the University of Arizona, was the lead scientist for one of the spacecraft's seven instruments: the gamma ray spectrometer, or GRS. The explosion, caused by a leaky valve filled with pressurized helium and fuel, was tough on him.
"When the thing blew up, it was devastating," he says. "It was like there had been a death in the family." His colleagues didn't know the right words to say when they'd crossed paths in the elevator, and his department head told him, "'Bill, we'll probably need to call off the celebrations.'" They had planned a big party for when the Observer entered orbit. Boynton proposed, instead, a wake, which felt truly appropriate for the death of the spacecraft.
At the wake, he says, "I gave a talk about what the mission would've been like, what we did learn from it, and explained why it was not a waste of millions of dollars." It was cathartic. It was reassuring. It was time to go back to work.
At first, the Mars Observer team planned to rebuild the same observer using parts set aside for such an event, until the then head of NASA, Daniel Goldin, suggested something drastically different. Goldin proposed building three new spacecraft from scratch, each only carrying two or three instruments. The idea was met with skepticism. "I think most of us were thinking it was stupid," says Boynton. "But in the end, it turned out to be a really good idea."
The Mars Odyssey
And just like that, the Mars Observer mission turned into the Mars Odyssey. The unmanned Mars Odyssey launched in 2001, in search of evidence of water and ice, new information about the planet's geology, and about its potential ability to sustain life. Aboard the spacecraft were three new scientific instruments, including Boynton’s gamma ray spectrometer, designed and built at the University of Arizona.
Mars Odyssey is a roughly seven-foot-tall spacecraft bearing a small fleet of solar panels that fan out like wings, and a 20-foot-long scaffold with the gamma ray spectrometer hanging off the end of it. This way, the spectrometer can detect gamma rays on the Martian surface without muddying the signal with its own electromagnetic radiation. The GRS measures gamma rays emitted by the surface of Mars and, in turn, calculates the abundance of chemical elements across the planet's surface.
Fifteen Years of Scientific Discovery
Since arriving at Mars 15 years ago on Oct. 24, the Mars Odyssey has mapped the surface of Mars, detected its elemental composition – Mars is rich in elements like silicon, aluminum, calcium, uranium, and chlorine – communicated with rovers to relay information, and, perhaps most remarkably, discovered large amounts of ice on Mars, covering its polar regions.
"The ice is buried a few inches beneath the surface, but hydrogen gives off a gamma ray, so we found it," says Boynton.
The mission was originally planned to last for two to three years, but remains operational, orbiting Mars. Eventually – soon, guesses Boynton – the spacecraft will give out and Mars Odyssey will come to an end, but Boynton will keep busy.
As a mission instrument scientist for the recently launched OSIRIS-REx spacecraft, Boynton and colleagues will now uncover new information about the origins and formation of our solar system.
Realizing he's dedicated more than 30 years of his life to ten different NASA missions, Boynton says, "I'm sorry. It's hard not to tear up over some of these things," and wipes his cheek with a smile.

Malhotra Named Regents' Professor
April 12, 2016 LPLMalhotra Named Regents' Professor
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April 12, 2016
LPL Professor Renu Malhotra is one of three University of Arizona faculty members named as Regents' Professors by the Arizona Board of Regents. The title of Regents' Professor is the highest level of recognition bestowed on faculty in the Arizona state university system. It recognizes full professors whose work has garnered national and international distinction; no more than 3 percent of faculty can hold the title at any given time.
Until 25 years ago, only eight planets had been discovered in human history. Today, eight are discovered on a monthly basis. Renu Malhotra, the Louise Foucar Marshall Science Research Professor in the UA's Lunar and Planetary Laboratory, anticipated this breakthrough with her 1993 paper demonstrating that Pluto's peculiar orbit (very eccentric and tilted relative to the ecliptic plane where the other planets lie) resulted from the outward migration of Neptune. No longer could we hold to our textbook picture of a well-ordered solar system, static under the firm direction of Newton and his laws. Malhotra demonstrated that those laws mediated subtle interactions that over time could yield large changes in the configuration of planetary systems. These processes not only explain the structure of our solar system, but help scientists better understand the dynamics of planetary systems other than our own. Although others had hinted at the possibilities of planetary migration, it is characteristic of Malhotra that she provided the definitive proof of its importance and did so with such clarity that its reality was accepted universally. The wider scientific community has expressed its appreciation of her work by her election last year to the American Academy of Arts and Sciences and to the National Academy of Sciences. Malhotra believes that "advisers should always be an example to their students of what it means to have that life in you about your field, an example of what it means to live science."

Pluto Follows its Cold, Cold Heart
By Daniel StoltePluto Follows its Cold, Cold Heart
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By Daniel Stolte, University Relations - Communications, March 28, 2016
Pluto is a weird environment, according to James Keane, a doctoral student in the University of Arizona's Lunar and Planetary Laboratory. And if his latest research results are correct, it just got a whole lot weirder.
On Pluto, seasonal "snowfall" of volatiles — mostly nitrogen gas — is known to accumulate in a region affectionately dubbed "the heart" because of its shape revealed during the flyby of NASA's New Horizons probe last July. The heart is a low-lying expanse just slightly smaller than Missouri whose official name is Tombaugh Regio, after Clyde William Tombaugh, who discovered Pluto as a 24-year-old working at Lowell Observatory in Flagstaff, Arizona.
Keane and his adviser, Isamu Matsuyama, an assistant professor at LPL, believe they found evidence of that frozen nitrogen pileup throwing the entire planet off kilter, much like a spinning top with a wad of gum stuck to it.
Let's stop right here to wrap our heads around some of the weirdness that is Pluto, because if we don't, it will be difficult to make sense of the really cool stuff that the two discovered — and that would be a shame.
Weirdness Fact No. 1: Unlike the Earth, whose spin axis is only slightly tilted so that the regions around the equator receive the most sunlight, Pluto is like a spinning top lying on its side. Therefore, the planet's poles get the most sunlight. Depending on the season, it's either one or the other, while Pluto's equatorial regions are super cold, all the time.
Weirdness Fact No. 2: A season on Pluto is an entirely different ballgame from a season here on Earth. Because Pluto is almost 40 times farther from the sun than we are, it takes the little ball of rock and ice 248 Earth years to complete one of its own years. That's right: If you were a Plutonian born in the winter, summer wouldn't come around until your great-great-great-grandchildren were born.
"At Pluto's lower latitudes near the equator, it's nearly minus 400 degrees Fahrenheit," Keane says. "That's cold enough to turn nitrogen, the gas that you're breathing in and out all time here on Earth, into a frozen solid."
Now, here's the really cool part (ha): Over the course of a Pluto year, nitrogen and other exotic gases condense on the permanently shadowed regions, and eventually, as Pluto goes around the sun, those frozen gases heat up, become gaseous again and re-condense on the other side of the planet.
"Each time Pluto goes around the sun, a bit of nitrogen accumulates in the heart," Keane says. "And once enough ice has piled up, maybe a hundred meters thick, it starts to overwhelm the planet's shape, which dictates the planet's orientation. And if you have an excess of mass in one spot on the planet, it wants to go to the equator. Eventually, over millions of years, it will drag the whole planet over."
Wow. Think about that: a planet whose shape and position in space are controlled by its weather, kind of. That's pretty crazy for a tiny world way, way out there that many thought would not be much more than a dead, frozen rock circling the fringes of our solar system.
Keane and Matsuyama presented their research last week at the 47th Lunar and Planetary Science Conference at The Woodlands in Texas, where it was received with great interest despite the fact that the work hasn't been peer-reviewed yet.
"I think this idea of a whole planet being dragged around by the cycling of volatiles is not something many people had really thought about before," Keane says.
The two researchers used observations made during New Horizons' flyby and combined them with computer models that allowed them to take a surface feature such as Sputnik Planum, a large ice-filled plain that's part of Pluto's heart, shift it around on the planet's surface and see what that does to the planet's spin axis. And sure enough, the geographic location of Sputnik Planum is suspiciously close to where you would expect it to be, they found.
"If Sputnik Planum were a large positive mass anomaly — perhaps due to loading of nitrogen ice — then (it) would naturally migrate to the tidal axis as Pluto approaches a minimum energy state," Keane and Matsuyama write.
In other words, the massive accumulation of ice would end up where it causes the least wobble in Pluto's spin axis.
This phenomenon of polar wander — a planet shifting its spin axis — is something that was discovered with the Earth's moon and with Mars, as well, but in those cases it happened in the distant past, billions of years ago.
"On Pluto, those processes are currently active," Keane says. "Its entire geology — glaciers, mountains, valleys — seems to be linked to volatile processes. That's different from most other planets and moons in our solar system."
And not only that, the simulations and calculations also predicted that the accumulation of frozen volatiles in Pluto's heart would cause cracks and faults in the planet's surface in the exact same locations where New Horizons saw them.
"Before New Horizons, people usually only thought of volatiles in terms of a thin frost veneer, a surface effect that might change the color, or affect local or regional geology," Keane says. "We are saying that this could have a global, planet-moving effect, and this process could have been going on for millions of years."
That the movement of volatiles and shifting ice around a planet could have such a dramatic effect is not something anyone would have predicted before the New Horizons mission, Keane says.
"Many, myself included, might have expected to see a cold, dead frozen rock, but nothing could be further from the truth. We got there, and this thing has everything going on on it — it has tectonics, it has glaciers, it has mountains, it has valleys — and there are a number of smaller-scale features that have striking resemblance to terrestrial features, like mountains that look like the snow-capped Rockies. But those mountains are not shaped by rain and erosion like on Earth, but instead by all this movement of nitrogen ice."
"Amazing" is the word Keane uses to describe the New Horizons mission and the people behind it.
"It's only because of their insight and dedication over more than two decades that this mission exists," he says, "allowing us to see the unexpected and wonderfully weird world that is Pluto."

Tales of a Tilting Moon Hidden in Its Polar Ice
By Daniel StolteTales of a Tilting Moon Hidden in Its Polar Ice
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By Daniel Stolte, University Relations - Communications, March 22, 2016
A new study published Wednesday in Nature reports that the moon may not have always had the same face pointed toward the Earth. Instead, the "Man in the Moon" nodded up and down, because of heating and volcanic eruptions on the Earth-facing side of the moon.
An international team including University of Arizona planetary scientists James Keane and Isamu Matsuyama made this discovery while trying to explain maps of lunar polar hydrogen. This hydrogen, which was discovered by NASA's Lunar Prospector mission in the 1990s, is believed to represent water ice, protected from the sun's rays in cold, permanently shadowed craters near the moon's north and south poles. If ice were exposed to direct sunlight on the moon, it would boil off into space, so it is a very sensitive tracer of the moon's orientation with time.
"Weirdly, the moon's ice isn't exactly at the coldest spots on the north or south poles of the moon," said Matt Siegler, a scientist with the Planetary Science Institute in Tucson and the paper's first author.
Instead, the polar ice is shifted off the poles by about six degrees, and in exact opposite directions at either pole. (On the Earth, six degrees is about equal to the distance from Tucson to Los Angeles.) This precisely opposite ("antipodal") relationship indicates that the moon's spin axis — the imaginary line that runs from the north pole, through the center of the moon, to the south pole, and around which the moon rotates — shifted over the last few billion years. As the moon reoriented, it left behind a trail of water ice, effectively "painting out" the path that the poles took with time.
When the research team realized that the moon's ice might be telling a story of reorientation, it turned to UA experts in planetary dynamics, Keane and Matsuyama.
"Usually we think of planets as 'spinning on' in the same unchanging way with time, but that's not true," said Keane, a graduate student at the UA's Lunar and Planetary Laboratory. "We know that the Earth and a handful of other planetary bodies have changed their spin axes with time."
On the Earth, this reorientation can be measured with GPS and techniques that we don't have on other planets. This forces scientists to look for clues in other, more unusual datasets. For example, Matsuyama, a professor of planetary science at LPL and Keane's doctoral advisor, recently used gravity measurements and observations of ancient valley networks on Mars to infer reorientation on that planet. This study is the first to use lunar ice to infer the change in the spin of the moon.
The spins of planetary bodies are set by how mass is distributed within the planet: A planet’s denser spots try to drag the planet toward its equator, less dense spots toward the pole. On the moon, tidal forces from the Earth also can drag dense spots toward — or away from — the Earth-facing side of the moon. Scientists refer to this reorientation phenomenon as "true polar wander."
Using this idea that the moon's ice traces an earlier spin pole, Keane used a combination of theoretical models and measurements of the moon’s mass distribution from NASA missions to identify what could physically cause this polar wander.
"I was shocked when the models outlined Oceanus Procellarum as the only possible geologic feature that could have done this," Keane said.
Oceanus Procellarum is a vast, volcanic province on the Earth-facing side of the moon. It contains all of the dark splotches we see forming the "face" of the moon, which is actually a giant field of ancient lava flows. When the moon formed, many of the body's radioactive elements ended up in the Procellarum.
"This radioactive crust acted liked an oven broiler heating and melting the mantle below," Siegler said.
The giant Procellarum hotspot was less dense than the rest of the moon and caused the whole moon to move. As the moon slowly moved over billions of years, it etched a path into the polar ice.
The paper shows that the moon may have once had much more ice near its poles and the ice we see today is the tiny portion, which has survived this polar migration. Large amounts of ice could have been brought to the moon by comets and icy asteroids early in the moon's history or potentially outgassed from the lunar mare themselves. Figuring out the origin of this ancient lunar water might also help scientists understand how water was delivered to the early Earth.
"This gives us a way to model exactly where the ice should be, which tells us about its origin and where astronauts might find a drink on future missions to the moon," Siegler said.
"Up until this work, most researchers thought that the moon's water was just recently deposited, as a late veneer," Keane said. "Since we've shown that the moon's water is linked to volcanic activity on the moon several billion years ago, this means it might be a time capsule of primordial water. Directly sampling this ancient ice will allow us to investigate many still unanswered questions around the origin of the Earth's water."
This project was supported in part by NASA's SSERVI VORTICES node, the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter and the NASA Lunar Advanced Science and Exploration Research, or LASER, program.
The paper, "Lunar True Polar Wander Inferred from Polar Hydrogen," was co-authored by Richard S. Miller (University of Alabama), Matthieu Laneuville (Tokyo Institute of Technology), David A. Paige (University of California), David J. Lawrence (Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory), Arlin Crotts (Columbia University) and Michael J. Poston (California Institute of Technology).

HiRISE: 45,000 Mars Orbits and Counting
By UniversityHiRISE: 45,000 Mars Orbits and Counting
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By University Relations - Communications, March 23, 2016
True to its purpose, NASA's Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter, or MRO, the spacecraft that began orbiting Mars a decade ago, has delivered huge advances in knowledge about the Red Planet.
According to NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory, MRO has revealed in unprecedented detail a planet that held diverse wet environments billions of years ago and remains dynamic today. MRO carries, among other instruments, the High Resolution Imaging Science Experiment, or HiRISE, camera, designed and operated by the Lunar and Planetary Lab at the University of Arizona.
One example of the orbiter's major discoveries was published last year, about the possibility of liquid water being present seasonally on present-day Mars. It drew on three key capabilities researchers gained from this mission: telescopic camera resolution, to find features narrower than a sidewalk; spacecraft longevity, to track seasonal changes over several Martian years; and imaging spectroscopy, to map surface composition.
"Our views of both ancient and modern Mars have changed dramatically in the past decade," says Alfred McEwen, principal investigator of HiRISE. "Now we know that hydrated minerals are common in ancient bedrock, many sand dunes are active, that carbon dioxide frost rather than water is carving gullies, and there is water in other seasonal flows."
Other discoveries have resulted from additional capabilities of the orbiter. These include identifying underground geologic structures, scanning atmospheric layers and observing the entire planet's weather daily. All six of the orbiter's science instruments remain productive in an extended mission more than seven years after completion of the mission's originally planned primary science phase.
The Arrival at Mars
On March 10, 2006, the spacecraft fired its six largest rocket engines for about 27 minutes, slowing it down enough for the gravity of Mars to catch it into orbit. Those engines had been used only once before, for 15 seconds during the first trajectory adjustment in the seven-month flight from Earth to Mars.
For its first three weeks at Mars, the spacecraft flew elongated, 35-hour orbits ranging as far as 27,000 miles from the Red Planet. During the next six months, a process called aerobraking used hundreds of carefully calculated dips into the top of the Martian atmosphere to gradually adjust the size of the orbit. Since September 2006, the craft has been flying nearly circular orbits lasting about two hours, at altitudes from 155 to 196 miles.
The spacecraft's two large solar panels give MRO a wingspan the length of a school bus. That surface area helped with atmospheric drag during aerobraking and still cranks out about 2,000 watts of electricity when the panels face the sun. Generous power enables the spacecraft to transmit a torrent of data through its main antenna, a dish 10 feet in diameter. The total science data sent to Earth from MRO — 264 terabits — is more than all other interplanetary missions combined, past and present.
"The HiRISE team at the UA developed routines to automatically process the raw data into beautiful images, within hours of when the data is returned," McEwen says.
Lockheed Martin Space Systems of Denver built the spacecraft with the capability to transmit copious data to suit the science goals of revealing Mars in great detail.
For example, the HiRISE camera has returned images that show features as small as a desk anywhere in observations that now have covered about 2.4 percent of the Martian surface, an area equivalent to two Alaskas, with many locations imaged repeatedly. The Context Camera, or CTX, managed by Malin Space Systems of San Diego, has imaged more than 85 percent of Mars, with resolution showing features smaller than a tennis court. The Compact Reconnaissance Imaging Spectrometer, or CRISM, built and operated by Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory in Laurel, Maryland, also has imaged nearly 80 percent of the planet in multiple visual-light and infrared wavelengths, providing composition information at scales of 100 to 200 yards per pixel.
Data from MRO has improved knowledge about three distinct periods on Mars. Observations of the oldest surfaces on the planet show that diverse types of watery environments existed, some more favorable for life than others. More recently, water cycled as a gas between polar ice deposits and lower-latitude deposits of ice and snow, generating patterns of layering linked to cyclical changes similar to ice ages on Earth.
Watching Mars Change
Dynamic activity on today's Mars includes impact events, avalanches, dust storms, seasonal freezing and thawing of carbon dioxide sheets, gully formation, sand migration and summertime seeps of brine.
"This mission has helped us appreciate how much Mars - a planet that has changed greatly over time - continues to change today," said MRO project scientist Rich Zurek of JPL in Pasadena, California, which manages the mission.
MRO provides three types of crucial support for rover and stationary lander missions to Mars. Its observations enable careful evaluation of potential landing sites. They also help rover teams choose routes and destinations. Together with NASA's Mars Odyssey, which has been orbiting Mars since 2001, MRO relays data from robots on Mars' surface to NASA Deep Space Network antennas on Earth, multiplying the productivity of the surface missions.
Recently, the mission has begun investigating areas proposed as landing sites for future human missions in NASA's Journey to Mars.
"The Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter remains a powerful asset for studying the Red Planet, with its six instruments all continuing capably a decade after orbit insertion," Zurek said. "All this and the valuable infrastructure support that it provides for other Mars missions, present and future, make MRO a keystone of the current Mars Exploration Program."
Just this week, another orbiter blasted off the Earth, slated to join MRO in orbit around Mars by mid-October: The ExoMars Trace Gas Orbiter, or TGO, a collaboration project of the European Space Agency, or ESA, and Russia's Roscosmos State Space Corporation. The UA's HiRISE team is supporting the Colour and Stereo Surface Imaging System, or CaSSIS, for science planning software development, data processing and science analysis.

The Life of the 'Moon Tree' on Campus
By Emily LitvackThe Life of the 'Moon Tree' on Campus
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By Emily Litvack, University Relations - Communications, October 28, 2015
The year was 1971. Led Zeppelin was on a whirlwind, million-dollar tour across the continent, following the release of its top-selling album "Led Zeppelin IV." Intel released the world's first microprocessor, the Intel 4004. Andy Warhol was turning out a series of vibrant, eerie screen-printed images of the electric chair.
And Apollo 14 was headed for the moon.
Apollo 14 launched from the Kennedy Space Center on Merritt Island, Florida, on Jan. 31, 1971, at 4:03 p.m. It would mark the third successful trip by the U.S. to the surface of the moon. Five days later, Apollo 14 commander Alan Shepard and lunar module pilot Edgar Mitchell walked on the moon.
Meanwhile, Stuart Roosa, a former U.S. Forest Service smokejumper (a firefighter who parachutes into forest fire sites), orbited in the command module. The module, a conical, aluminum pressure vessel, was called "Kitty Hawk," and in it Roosa would perform experiments and take photographs of the moon throughout the two-day span in which his cohorts walked the surface.
Packed in small containers with Roosa were more than 400 tree seeds, part of a joint NASA and Forest Service research project investigating the effects of zero gravity on seed germination. Upon return to Earth nine days later, the Forest Service would begin germinating these seeds.
The "moon tree" research project began after Roosa was chosen for the Apollo 14 mission. Ed Cliff, then chief of the Forest Service, knew of Roosa from his days as a smokejumper and talked to him about taking the seeds into space.
Seeds from five different types of trees were chosen for Roosa's lunar voyage: loblolly pine, American sycamore (which stands on the University of Arizona campus today), sweetgum, redwood and Douglas fir. The seeds were classified and sorted, and control seeds were kept on Earth for later comparison.
When the seed canisters burst open during decontamination procedures after their return to Earth, they all got mixed together and were presumed to be no longer viable. The Forest Service sent the seeds to Mississippi and California, where researchers would attempt to germinate them.
Nearly all the seeds germinated successfully, and the Forest Service had more than 420 seedlings after just a few years.
Some were planted with their Earth-bound counterparts as controls — after more than 20 years, there is no discernable difference — but most were given away in 1975 and 1976 to be planted as part of the nation's bicentennial celebration.
Known as the "Moon Trees," these seedlings were planted throughout the United States and the world. A loblolly pine was planted at the White House, and an American sycamore was planted at the UA on April 30, 1976, between the Kuiper Space Sciences Building and the Flandrau Science Center and Planetarium.
According to NASA, the UA's sycamore is one of only 64 surviving Moon Trees across the globe.

The Reason for Mars' Tumultuous Past
By Daniel StolteThe Reason for Mars' Tumultuous Past
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By Daniel Stolte, University Relations - Communications, March 4, 2016
Deep below the surface of the withered, dead and barren world that today is Mars lies evidence of a much more tumultuous upbringing of the red planet than scientists had expected. New research by an international team of planetary scientists including Isamu Matsuyama of the University of Arizona's Lunar and Planetary Laboratory, published in Nature, solves some of the biggest puzzles surrounding Mars' mysterious infancy.
In the new study, Matsuyama and his collaborators present a fresh look at the red planet, providing an elegant and simple explanation of the geological features that had scientists vexed for a long time.
Between 3 billion and 3.5 billion years ago, when life made its first appearance on Earth in the form of single-celled bacteria, dramatic changes happened on our neighboring planet. One of them caused the entire planet to tip over, bringing regions that once were closer to the poles toward the equator.
Its cause? Giant eruptions that threw up the largest volcanoes in the solar system and formed a bulge known as the Tharsis region, home of Olympus Mons. Towering 16 miles above the Martian surface, Olympus Mons is tall enough to eclipse three Mount Everests stacked on top of one another.
When such a massive volcanic bulge forms in one area, it throws the entire planet out of kilter, according to Matsuyama, an assistant professor in the UA's Department of Planetary Sciences who first presented evidence for the "great Martian tilt" in 2010 using gravity observations.
"Any major shift of planetary mass – on the surface or within the mantle – could cause a shift with respect to the spin axis, because a spinning body is most stable with its mass farthest from its spin axis," Matsuyama explains.
As more and more material accumulated in the bulge that became the Tharsis region, it caused Mars' spin axis to tilt by about 20 degrees. If the same happened to Earth, Tucson would come to lie at the position of present-day Calgary, Alberta. In the case of Mars, the volcanic bulge ended up at the equator, where it still remains today, long after its volcanoes have fallen dormant.
"The great tilt upsets our picture of the surface of Mars as it must have been 4 billion years ago," according to the authors, "and profoundly modifies the timing of events that gave Mars the face we know today."
For one, the team, led by Sylvain Bouley of the Université Paris-Sud in France, shows that zones of valley networks - carved into the Martian surface during a time when water flowed vigorously and plentiful - are consistent with the reorientation of Mars due to the formation of the Tharsis volcanic region.
"The present distribution of valley network contains large variations in longitude that are difficult to explain without the tilting scenario," Matsuyama says, "because with the current orientation of Mars relative to its spin axis, you see evidence of precipitation where you should not see it. The extensive networks of valleys and channels change latitude as you move in longitude."
Using data from detailed gravity and topography measurements taken by spacecraft orbiting Mars, the team reconstructed what a young Mars would have looked like, before its face changed and aged so dramatically.
"In our models we got rid of the Tharsis regions, and we reoriented the planet to its original geometry before the tilt," Matsuyama says. And when the researchers then ran climate simulations, they saw the precipitation that carved the valley networks occur in the locations where they should be – in a more or less symmetrical ring just south of Mars' equator before the tilt.
A second feature of Martian topography that had scientists scratching their heads also neatly falls into place with the new calculations: Until now, it was thought that the bulk of the Tharsis region had formed much earlier than the valley networks, about 3.7 billion to 4.1 billion years ago, determining the orientation of their riverbeds and canyons. But the new calculations of a Mars without the Tharsis bulge showed that is not the case.
The authors conclude that the tropical precipitation that created the valleys likely occurred at the same time and independently of the formation of the Tharsis region. This would elegantly explain where all that water might have come from that was necessary to form the vast networks of valleys, because a major source for Mars is water vapor injected into the atmosphere by volcanoes.

Catalina Sky Survey Helps Explain Puzzling Observations
By UniversityCatalina Sky Survey Helps Explain Puzzling Observations
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By University Relations - Communications, February 19, 2016
The ultimate fate of most near-Earth objects, or NEOs - asteroids and comets that may pose a hazard to Earth - has been thought to be a collision with the sun. However, a new study published in the journal Nature found that most asteroids are destroyed long before a collision can occur.
An international team of researchers from Finland, France, the United States and the Czech Republic set out to construct an updated model of the NEO population that describes their orbit and size distributions. Such a model is important for planning future asteroid surveys and spacecraft missions, as well as assessing the remaining threat from asteroid impacts.
The team used the properties of almost 9,000 NEOs detected in about 100,000 images obtained by the most successful asteroid survey of the past decade, the University of Arizona's Catalina Sky Survey, to construct its new model. To do so, it first needed to carefully analyze the Catalina data to remove observational biases. The team then combined the data with theoretical assumptions of the orbit distributions of NEOs to produce the best-ever model of the NEO population.
It quickly noticed a problem, however: The new model predicted that Catalina should have found about 5 percent more NEOs than reported. Furthermore, the missing objects were all in orbits that closely approached the sun. The team spent almost a year verifying its calculations before coming to the conclusion that the problem wasn’t in its analysis and that the predicted NEOs weren't there.
Mikael Granvik, the lead author of the Nature article, suggested that its model would better match the observations if NEOs were destroyed long before a collision with the sun. When the team adjusted its model to assume that asteroids spending too much time within about 9 million miles of the sun are destroyed, it found agreement between its model's prediction and observations.
Such results highlight the value of "spinoff" science from the Catalina Sky Survey. With its many terabytes of image data taken since 2005, the Catalina archive has been used to discover transient optical phenomena such as supernovae, exploding galaxies and thousands of new variable stars.
Eric Christensen, Catalina's principal investigator, reflected on this role: "This latest result is another example of how the Catalina Sky Survey acts as a resource that goes well beyond our mission of searching for hazardous asteroids. It is gratifying when our work has additional value to investigations like this."
The new discovery also helps to explain observational discrepancies in the distribution of small objects in our solar system. Meteors, or shooting stars, are tiny bits of dust and rock dislodged from the surfaces of asteroids and comets. The particles travel in "streams" that follow the path of their parent objects.
One problem was that most of the meteor streams that closely approach the sun could not be associated with any known objects. This could be explained by their parent objects being destroyed when they came too close to the sun, leaving behind only streams of meteoritic material.
The Nature article also shows that darker objects are destroyed farther from the sun than brighter objects. This explains the observation that NEOs that come closer to the sun typically are brighter than those that remain farther away. The darker, closer objects have been destroyed.
"This study shows that physical processes and population statistics have to be considered simultaneously in order to take full advantage of the wealth of data produced by asteroid surveys," Granvik said. "It is now possible to probe asteroid interiors by keeping track of their orbits and sizes."
Edward Beshore, former principal investigator of the Catalina program, is a member of the team that reported its findings in Nature.
Beshore, now the deputy principal investigator of the OSIRIS-REx asteroid sample return mission led by the UA, observed: "The UA's role in expanding our knowledge of small solar system bodies is impressive. We have just heard how the Catalina program has helped improve our understanding of the solar system's evolution. In September, the OSIRIS-REx spacecraft will begin its seven-year journey to return a sample from a primitive asteroid. Both are great examples of the UA Lunar and Planetary Laboratory's contributions to planetary science."

In a Hubble First, UA Astronomers Take Images of an Exoplanet Changing Over Time
By Emily Litvack -In a Hubble First, UA Astronomers Take Images of an Exoplanet Changing Over Time
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By Emily Litvack - February 18, 2016
Using NASA's Hubble Space Telescope, astronomers at the University of Arizona have taken the first direct, time-resolved images of an exoplanet. Their results were published in a recent edition of The Astrophysical Journal.
The young, gaseous exoplanet known as 2M1207b, located some 160 light-years from Earth, is four times the mass of Jupiter and orbits a failed star, known to astronomers as a brown dwarf. And while our solar system is 4.5 billion years in the making, 2M1207b is a mere ten million years old. Its days are short - less than 11 hours - and its temperature is hot - a blistering 2,600 degrees Fahrenheit. Its rain showers come in the form of liquid iron and glass.
The researchers, led by UA Department of Astronomy graduate student Yifan Zhou, were able to deduce the exoplanet’s rotational period and better understand its atmospheric properties - including its patchy clouds - by taking 160 images of the target over the course of ten hours. Their work was made possible by the high resolution and high contrast imaging capabilities of Hubble’s Wide Field Camera 3.
"Understanding the exoplanet's atmosphere was one of the key goals for us. This can help us understand how its clouds form and if they are homogenous or heterogeneous across the planet," said Zhou.
Before now, nobody had ever used 26-year-old Hubble to create time-resolved images of an exoplanet.
Even the largest telescope on Earth could not snap a sharp photo of a planet as far away as 2M1207b, so the astronomers created an innovative, new way to map its clouds without actually seeing them in sharp relief: They measured its changing brightness over time.
Daniel Apai, UA assistant professor of astronomy and planetary sciences, is the lead investigator of this Hubble program. He said, "The result is very exciting. It gives us a new technique to explore the atmospheres of exoplanets."
According to Apai, this new imaging technique provides a "method to map exoplanets" and is "an important step for understanding and placing our planets in context." Our Solar System has a relatively limited sampling of planets, and there is no planet as hot or as massive as 2M1207b within it.
Steward Observatory Astronomer Glenn Schneider and Lunar and Planetary Laboratory Professor Adam Showman coauthored the study.
"2M1207b is likely just the first of many exoplanets we will now be able to characterize and map," said Schneider.
"Do these exotic worlds have banded cloud patterns like Jupiter? How is the weather and climate on these extremely hot worlds similar to or different from that of the colder planets in our own solar system? Observations like these are key to answering these questions," said Showman.
Zhou and his collaborators began collecting data for this project in 2014. It began as a pilot study to demonstrate that space telescopes like Hubble and the James Webb Space Telescope, which NASA will launch in late 2018, can be used to map clouds on other planets.
The success of this study lead to a new, larger program: Hubble's Cloud Atlas program for which Apai is also the lead investigator. As one of Hubble's largest exoplanet-focused programs, Cloud Atlas represents a collaboration between 14 experts from across the globe, who are now creating more time-resolved images of other planets using the space telescope.
Mt. Lemmon SkyCenter
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Mt. Lemmon SkyCenter is an exceptional science learning facility located at Steward Observatory's "sky island" observing site. The SkyCenter builds upon the uniqueness of the 9,157 foot summit of Mt. Lemmon and the extensive knowledge base at the University of Arizona to deliver educational programs, including:
- SkyNights StarGazing Program: open to the public most nights of the year using the Southwest's largest dedicated public telescope! This unique, awe-inspiring opportunity allows guests to peer beyond the blue horizons of our southwestern skies and explore the astronomical wonders of the Universe. The five hour program lets visitors navigate the night sky with binoculars and sky charts, and view spectacular planets, galaxies, and nebulae with our Schulman 32-inch telescope, the largest dedicated public observing telescope in Arizona.
- UA Sky School: year-round residential science programs (1-5 days) open to Arizona 4th -12th grade students at a 25-acre campus on Mt. Lemmon and in the Coronado National Forest. Programs focus on core University of Arizona science areas such as sky island ecology, geology, tree ring science, and astronomy, and meet state and national science standards.
Space Drafts
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Space Drafts is Tucson’s flavor of Astronomy on Tap. Talks are held one Wednesday of every month at one of Tucson’s finest microbreweries, The Borderlands Brewing Company (119 E. Toole Ave., Tucson) at 7.00pm.
Space Drafts is free and open to all ages (of humans and dogs alike).
The Art of Planetary Science (TAPS)
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The Art of Planetary Science is an annual art exhibition run by UA's Lunar and Planetary Laboratory that celebrates the beauty and elegance of science. It was founded by graduate students in 2013 as a public outreach project to engage the local community in our work, and continues to be organized and run by volunteer students each year. The goal behind the show is to present a different side of science to the public, and to show you what we think is beautiful about the solar system. As scientists, it is our job to create knowledge, a process that requires thought, creativity, attention to detail, and imagination. Scientists are encouraged to produce artwork for the show that is created from scientific data, or incorporates scientific ideas, to give you new perspective on why we are passionate about our work. We also ask artists to submit artwork that is inspired by those same themes, and to show us how they view science from their own lens. This event is a very powerful way to bridge the gap between the local science and art communities, and to show how very interconnected the scientific and artistic processes are.

Artemis III
Artemis III
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Artemis III will be the first time humans have set foot on the Moon since the Apollo missions 50 years ago. The Lunar Environmental Monitoring Station (LEMS) is a seismometer package that will study moonquakes to determine current rates of activity and study the Moon’s interior from the crust down to the core. LEMS includes both a triaxial short-period seismometer and a triaxial broadband seismometer.
- Humans Will Again Set Foot on the Moon; This Time, They'll Have UArizona Science in Tow - April 12, 2024
Artemis III Faculty

Veronica Bray
Associate Research Professor
Lunar Studies, Planetary Analogs, Planetary Surfaces
Dani Mendoza DellaGiustina
Assistant Professor, Deputy Principal Investigator, OSIRIS-REx, Principal Investigator, OSIRIS-APEX
Earth, Photogrammetry, Planetary Analogs, Planetary Geophysics, Planetary Surfaces, Small Bodies
Angela Marusiak
Assistant Research Professor
Lunar Studies, Planetary Analogs, Planetary Geophysics, Small Bodies, Titan & Outer Solar SystemArtemis III Support Staff

Hop Bailey
Program Manager, UA Space Institute

Carina Bennett
Project Manager and Software Engineer, SAMIS

Tisha Saltzman
Manager, Business-Finance, GUSTO, Manager, Business-Finance, NEO Surveyor

CatSat
CatSat
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CatSat is a 6U CubeSat built and tested by University of Arizona students, faculty, and staff.
The satellite will launch atop a Firefly Alpha rocket into a nearly sun synchronous orbit around the Earth. Thanks to some trickery on behalf of orbital mechanics, this peculiar orbit ensures that the satellite will remain constantly in daylight, maximizing the capabilities of the mission.
During the mission’s six month expected lifetime, CatSat will detect high frequency signals from HAM radio operators all around the globe with its WSPR antenna, demonstrate an inflatable antenna for high bandwidth transmission, and provide high resolution imaging of the Earth. The data this satellite provides will give insights on the variation of the ionosphere and the technical capabilities of the new systems being tested.
CatSat Researchers

Dathon Golish
Mission Instrument and Observation Scientist
Photogrammetry, Small Bodies
CUTE
Colorado Ultraviolet Transit Experiment
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Colorado Ultraviolet Transit Experiment
Dr. Tommi Koskinen is a Co-Investigator on the Colorado Ultraviolet Transit Experiment (CUTE), which is a four-year, NASA-funded project to design, build, integrate, test, and operate a 6-unit CubeSat (30 cm x 20 cm x 10 cm). CUTE will have a 1-year mission lifetime and will launch in 2020 and use near-ultraviolet (NUV) transmission spectroscopy from 255 to 330 nanometers (nm) to characterize the composition and mass-loss rates of exoplanet atmospheres. CUTE measures how the NUV light from the host star is changed as the exoplanet transits in front of the star and passes through the planet’s atmospheres. CUTE’s spectrally resolved lightcurve will provide constraints on the composition and escape rates of these atmospheres.

DART
Double Asteroid Redirection Test
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Double Asteroid Redirection Test
The DART mission is NASA's demonstration of kinetic impactor technology, impacting an asteroid to adjust its speed and path. DART will be the first-ever space mission to demonstrate asteroid deflection by kinetic impactor.
DART's target is the binary asteroid system Didymos, which means "twin" in Greek (and explains the word "double" in the mission's name). Didymos is the ideal candidate for humankind's first planetary defense experiment, although it is not on a path to collide with Earth and therefore poses no actual threat to the planet. The system is composed of two asteroids: the larger asteroid Didymos (diameter: 780 meters, 0.48 miles), and the smaller moonlet asteroid, Dimorphos (diameter: 160 meters, 525 feet), which orbits the larger asteroid. Currently, the orbital period of Dimorphos around Didymos is 11 hours and 55 minutes, and the separation between the centers of the two asteroids is 1.18 kilometers (0.73 miles). The DART spacecraft will impact Dimorphos nearly head-on, shortening the time it takes the small asteroid moonlet to orbit Didymos by several minutes.
The Didymos system is an eclipsing binary as viewed from Earth, meaning that Dimorphos passes in front of and behind Didymos as it orbits the larger asteroid as seen from Earth. Consequently, Earth-based telescopes can measure the regular variation in brightness of the combined Didymos system to determine the orbit of Dimorphos. After the impact, this same technique will reveal the change in the orbit of Dimoprhos by comparison to measurements prior to impact. The timing of the DART impact in September 2022 was chosen to be when the distance between Earth and Didymos is minimized, to enable the highest quality telescopic observations. Didymos will still be roughly 11 million kilometers (7 million miles) from Earth at the time of the DART impact, but telescopes across the world will be able to contribute to the global international observing campaign to determine the effect of DART's impact.
- NASA Sets Up Collision With Far-away Asteroid - September 21, 2022
- UArizona Spacewatch Discovered the Larger of the Twin Asteroids Targeted in NASA's Upcoming DART Mission Encounter - September 19, 2022
DART Faculty

Erik Asphaug
Professor
Lunar Studies, Planetary Analogs, Planetary Geophysics, Planetary Surfaces, Small Bodies, Theoretical Astrophysics, Titan & Outer Solar System
Ellen Howell
Research Professor
Small Bodies
Michael Nolan
Deputy Principal Investigator, OSIRIS-APEX, Research Professor
Small BodiesDART Researchers

Melissa Brucker
Principal Investigator, Spacewatch, Research Scientist
Asteroid Surveys, Small Bodies
ENVISION
EnVision
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EnVision, a low-altitude polar orbiter, is the M5 mission candidate in the ESA Science Programme. It will carry 5 instruments and 1 experiment (an S-band Synthetic Aperture Radar, a Subsurface Radar, 3 spectrometers and a radio science experiment). EnVision will investigate Venus from its inner core to its atmosphere at an unprecedented scale of resolution, characterising in particular, core and mantle structure, signs of active and past geologic processes and looking for evidence of the past existence of oceans. EnVision will help understanding why the most Earth-like planet in the solar system has turned out so differently, opening a new era in the exploration of our closest neighbour.
ENVISION Faculty

Lynn Carter
Associate Department Head, Professor, University Distinguished Scholar
Earth, Lunar Studies, Planetary Analogs, Planetary Geophysics, Planetary Surfaces, Titan & Outer Solar System
Europa Clipper
Europa Clipper
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Europa Clipper will perform repeated flybys of Jupiter’s moon and use a suite of instruments to investigate whether habitable environments could exist. Europa is one of the Solar System’s “ocean worlds”, with a subsurface liquid water ocean beneath an icy, deformed crust. Camera and spectrometer instruments will study Europa’s surface features and composition and search for erupting plumes, and a thermal instrument will search for regions that are still warm from recent activity. Magnetometers and plasma instruments will study Jupiter’s magnetic interactions to probe the ocean, and a dual-frequency radar will map the subsurface stratigraphy and search for liquid water. Mass spectrometers will analyze the composition of Europa’s exosphere, perhaps detecting organic materials.
Europa Clipper Faculty

Lynn Carter
Associate Department Head, Professor, University Distinguished Scholar
Earth, Lunar Studies, Planetary Analogs, Planetary Geophysics, Planetary Surfaces, Titan & Outer Solar System
Alfred McEwen
Regents Professor
Astrobiology, Lunar Studies, Photogrammetry, Planetary Analogs, Planetary Geophysics, Planetary SurfacesEuropa Clipper Researchers

Sarah Sutton
Photogrammetry Program Lead, HiRISE, Researcher/Scientist
Earth, Lunar Studies, Photogrammetry, Planetary Analogs, Planetary Surfaces, Small BodiesEuropa Clipper Support Staff

Kris Akers
Research Engineering Technician
Photogrammetry
ExoMars Trace Gas Orbiter
ExoMars Trace Gas Orbiter
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The 2016 ExoMars Trace Gas Orbiter (TGO) is the first in a series of Mars missions to be undertaken jointly by the two space agencies, ESA and Roscosmos. A key goal of this mission is to gain a better understanding of methane and other atmospheric gases that are present in small concentrations (less than 1% of the atmosphere) but nevertheless could be evidence for possible biological or geological activity.
The Colour and Stereo Surface Imaging System (CaSSIS) is part of the instrument payload on the TGO. CaSSIS will characterise sites that have been identified as potential sources of trace gases and investigate dynamic surface processes – for example, sublimation, erosional processes and volcanism – which may contribute to the atmospheric gas inventory. The instrument will also be used to certify potential landing sites by characterising local slopes, rocks and other possible hazards.
ExoMars Trace Gas Orbiter Faculty

Shane Byrne
Professor
Astrobiology, Photogrammetry, Planetary Analogs, Planetary Geophysics, Planetary Surfaces, Titan & Outer Solar System
Alfred McEwen
Regents Professor
Astrobiology, Lunar Studies, Photogrammetry, Planetary Analogs, Planetary Geophysics, Planetary SurfacesExoMars Trace Gas Orbiter Researchers

Sarah Sutton
Photogrammetry Program Lead, HiRISE, Researcher/Scientist
Earth, Lunar Studies, Photogrammetry, Planetary Analogs, Planetary Surfaces, Small BodiesExoMars Trace Gas Orbiter Support Staff

Guy McArthur
Data Applications Developer, HiRISE

Jason Perry
Staff Technician, HiRISE
Photogrammetry
Christian Schaller
Spacecraft Operations Software Engineer, HiRISE

HelioSwarm
HelioSwarm
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HelioSwarm, a NASA MidEx mission comprised of nine spacecraft selected for launch in 2028, has been designed to reveal the three-dimensional, dynamic mechanisms controlling the physics of turbulence, a universal process driving the transport of mass, momentum, and energy in plasmas throughout our solar system and the Universe. The HelioSwarm Observatory measures the plasma and magnetic fields with a novel configuration of spacecraft in the solar wind, magnetosheath, and magnetosphere. These simultaneous multi-point, multi-scale measurements span MHD, transition, and ion-scales, allowing us to address two overarching science goals: 1) Reveal the 3D spatial structure and dynamics of turbulence in a weakly collisional plasma and 2) Ascertain the mutual impact of turbulence near boundaries and large-scale structures. Addressing these goals is achieved using a first-ever "swarm" of nine spacecraft, consisting of a "hub" spacecraft and eight "node" spacecraft. The nine spacecraft co-orbit in a lunar resonant Earth orbit, with a 2-week period and an apogee/perigee of ~60/11 Earth radii. Flight dynamics design and on-board propulsion produce ideal inter-spacecraft separations ranging from fluid scales (1000's of km) to sub-ion kinetic scales (10's of km) in the necessary geometries to enable the application of a variety of established analysis techniques that distinguish between proposed models of turbulence. Each node possesses an identical instrument suite that consists of a Faraday cup, a fluxgate magnetometer, and a search coil magnetometer. The hub has the same instrument suite as the nodes, plus an ion electrostatic analyzer. With these measurements, the HelioSwarm Observatory promises an unprecedented view into the nature of space plasma turbulence.
HelioSwarm Faculty

Kristopher Klein
Associate Professor
Solar and Heliospheric Research, Theoretical Astrophysics
Hera
Hera
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Hera is the European contribution to an international double-spacecraft collaboration. NASA will first perform a kinetic impact on the smaller of the two bodies, then Hera will follow-up with a detailed post-impact survey that will turn this grand-scale experiment into a well-understood and repeatable planetary defence technique.
While doing so, Hera will also demonstrate multiple novel technologies, such as autonomous navigation around the asteroid - like modern driverless cars on Earth, and gather crucial scientific data, to help scientists and future mission planners better understand asteroid compositions and structures.
Due to launch in 2024, Hera would travel to a binary asteroid system - the Didymos pair of near-Earth asteroids. The 780 m-diameter mountain-sized main body is orbited by a 160 m moon, formally christened 'Dimorphos' in June 2020, about the same size as the Great Pyramid of Giza.
Hera will be humanity's first-ever spacecraft to visit a double asteroid, the Didymos binary system. First, NASA will crash its DART spacecraft into the smaller asteroid - known as Didymoon - before ESA's Hera comes in to map the resulting impact crater and measure the asteroid's mass. Hera will carry two CubeSats on board, which will be able to fly much closer to the asteroid's surface, carrying out crucial scientific studies, before touching down. Hera's up-close observations will turn asteroid deflection into a well-understood planetary defence technique.
Hera Faculty

Erik Asphaug
Professor
Lunar Studies, Planetary Analogs, Planetary Geophysics, Planetary Surfaces, Small Bodies, Theoretical Astrophysics, Titan & Outer Solar System
Dante Lauretta
Director, Arizona Astrobiology Center, Principal Investigator, OSIRIS-REx, Regents Professor
Astrobiology, Cosmochemistry, Small Bodies
Michael Nolan
Deputy Principal Investigator, OSIRIS-APEX, Research Professor
Small Bodies
HiRISE (MRO)
HiRISE, High Resolution Science Experiment (MRO)
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High Resolution Imaging Science Experiment
HiRISE, the high-resolution imaging science experiment onboard the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter, is the most powerful camera ever sent to another planet. The resolution of the camera allows us to see the Red Planet in amazing detail, and lets other missions, like the Mars Science Laboratory, find a safe place to land and carry out amazing science. The operations center, which includes not only observation planning, but the execution of commands sent to the spacecraft along with actual image processing, is located within LPL at the University of Arizona.
HiRISE (MRO) Faculty

Veronica Bray
Associate Research Professor
Lunar Studies, Planetary Analogs, Planetary Surfaces
Shane Byrne
Professor
Astrobiology, Photogrammetry, Planetary Analogs, Planetary Geophysics, Planetary Surfaces, Titan & Outer Solar System
Peter Smith
Professor Emeritus
AstrobiologyHiRISE (MRO) Researchers

Matthew Chojnacki
DCC Associate Research (McEwen)
Photogrammetry, Planetary Surfaces, Small Bodies
Sarah Sutton
Photogrammetry Program Lead, HiRISE, Researcher/Scientist
Earth, Lunar Studies, Photogrammetry, Planetary Analogs, Planetary Surfaces, Small BodiesHiRISE (MRO) Support Staff

Kris Akers
Research Engineering Technician
Photogrammetry
Nicole Bardabelias
Science Operations Engineer, HiRISE

Nicole Baugh
Uplink Operations Lead, HiRISE

Kristin Block
Principal Science Operations Engineer, HiRISE

David Edmeades
Systems Administrator, PIRL/HiRISE

Ari Espinoza
Outreach Coordinator, HiRISE

Audrie Fennema
Engineer, Satellite Payload Operations, HiRISE
Photogrammetry
Kenny Fine
Senior Systems Administrator, PIRL/HiRISE

Rod Heyd
Project Manager, HiRISE

Richard Leis
Staff Technician, Senior, HiRISE

Guy McArthur
Data Applications Developer, HiRISE

Singleton Papendick
Science Operations Engineer, HiRISE
Earth, Planetary Surfaces
Jason Perry
Staff Technician, HiRISE
Photogrammetry
Joe Plassmann
Computing Systems Manager, PIRL/HiRISE

Anjani Polit
Deputy Principal Investigator, OSIRIS-APEX

Sue Robison
Business Manager, Senior, HiRISE

Christian Schaller
Spacecraft Operations Software Engineer, HiRISE

Hubble
Hubble Space Telescope
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Studying the cosmos for over a quarter century, the Hubble Space Telescope has made more than a million observations and changed our fundamental understanding of the universe. Still at the peak of its investigative capabilities and in high demand from astronomers worldwide, Hubble remains one of the most productive scientific instruments ever built. As Hubble continues seeking answers to our deepest cosmic questions, explore the resources below to learn about some of the mission’s discoveries so far.
Hubble Faculty

Gilda Ballester
Research Professor (Retired)
Exoplanets, Planetary Astronomy, Planetary Atmospheres
Ilaria Pascucci
Professor
Astrobiology, Exoplanets, Planetary Astronomy, Planetary Formation and Evolution
Peter Smith
Professor Emeritus
Astrobiology
IMAP
Interstellar Mapping and Acceleration Probe
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Interstellar Mapping and Acceleration Probe
The IMAP mission will help researchers better understand the boundary of the heliosphere, a sort of magnetic bubble surrounding and protecting our solar system. This region is where the constant flow of particles from our Sun, called the solar wind, collides with material from the rest of the galaxy. This collision limits the amount of harmful cosmic radiation entering the heliosphere. IMAP will collect and analyze particles that make it through.
Another objective of the mission is to learn more about the generation of cosmic rays in the heliosphere. Cosmic rays created locally and from the galaxy and beyond affect human explorers in space and can harm technological systems and likely play a role in the presence of life itself in the universe.
The spacecraft will be positioned about one million miles (1.5 million kilometers) away from Earth towards the Sun at what is called the first Lagrange point or L1. This will allow the probe to maximize use of its instruments to monitor the interactions between solar wind and the interstellar medium in the outer solar system.
IMAP Faculty

Joe Giacalone
Professor
Solar and Heliospheric Research, Theoretical Astrophysics
Juno
Juno: Unlocking Jupiter's Mysteries
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Juno will improve our understanding of the solar system's beginnings by revealing the origin and evolution of Jupiter. Specifically, Juno will:
- determine how much water is in Jupiter's atmosphere, which helps to determine which planet formation theory is correct (or if new theories are needed)
- look deep into Jupiter's atmosphere to measure composition, temperature, cloud motions and other properties
- map Jupiter's magnetic and gravity fields, revealing the planet's deep structure
- explore and study Jupiter's magnetosphere near the planet's poles, especially the auroras—Jupiter's northern and southern lights—providing new insights about how the planet's enormous magnetic force field affects its atmosphere.
Juno Faculty

William Hubbard
Professor Emeritus
Exoplanets, Planetary Atmospheres, Planetary Formation and Evolution, Theoretical Astrophysics, Titan & Outer Solar System
JWST
James Webb Space Telescope
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James Webb Space Telescope
The JWST or Webb is a large infrared telescope with an approximately 6.5 meter primary mirror. It is a space-based observatory, optimized for infrared wavelengths, which will complement and extend the discoveries of the Hubble Space Telescope with its longer wavelength coverage and greatly improved sensitivity. The longer wavelengths enable Webb to look further back in time to find the first galaxies that formed in the early Universe, and to peer inside dust clouds where stars and planetary systems are forming today.
Webb will be the premier observatory of the next decade. It will study every phase in the history of our Universe, ranging from the first luminous glows after the Big Bang, to the formation of solar systems capable of supporting life on planets like Earth, to the evolution of our own Solar System.
- Wonder Makes Us Explore - Spring 2022
JWST Faculty

Dániel Apai
Interim Associate Dean for Research, College of Science, Principal Investigator, Alien Earths, Professor
Astrobiology, Exoplanets, Planetary Atmospheres, Planetary Formation and Evolution
Renu Malhotra
Louise Foucar Marshall Science Research Professor, Regents Professor
Astrobiology, Exoplanets, Orbital Dynamics, Planetary Formation and Evolution, Small Bodies, Theoretical Astrophysics
Mark S. Marley
Director, Department Head, Professor
Exoplanets
Ilaria Pascucci
Professor
Astrobiology, Exoplanets, Planetary Astronomy, Planetary Formation and Evolution
George Rieke
Regents Professor
Planetary Astronomy
KPLO
Korea Pathfinder Lunar Orbiter
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Korea Pathfinder Lunar Orbiter
The Korea Pathfinder Lunar Orbiter (KPLO) is South Korea's first lunar mission. It is developed and managed by the Korea Aerospace Reasearch Institute (KARI) and is scheduled to launch in 2019 to orbit the Moon for 1 year carrying an array of South Korean experiments and one U.S. built instrument. The objectives are to develop indigenous lunar exploration technologies, demonstrate a "space internet", and conduct scientific investigations of the lunar environment, topography, and resources, as well as identify potential landing sites for future missions.
ShadowCam is a focused investigation of the Moon’s permanently shadowed regions (PSRs) that will provide critical information about the distribution and accessibility of volatiles in PSRs at spatial scales required to both mitigate risks and maximize the results of future exploration activities. ShadowCam is a high-heritage instrument based on the successful Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter Camera (LROC) Narrow Angle Camera (NAC) and will be over 800× more sensitive than the current NAC. ShadowCam will address three of the four strategic knowledge gaps (SKGs) through high-resolution, high signal-to-noise ratio imaging of PSRs illuminated only by reflected light, without duplicating measurements from KARI instruments (ShadowCam will saturate while imaging illuminated ground, with no harmful consequences to the shadowed portion of the image).
KPLO Faculty

Lynn Carter
Associate Department Head, Professor, University Distinguished Scholar
Earth, Lunar Studies, Planetary Analogs, Planetary Geophysics, Planetary Surfaces, Titan & Outer Solar System
LEMS (Artemis III)
Lunar Environmental Monitoring Station (LEMS) (Artemis III)
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Lunar Environmental Monitoring Station (LEMS) (Artemis III)
The Lunar Environment Monitoring Station (LEMS) is a compact, autonomous seismometer suite designed to carry out continuous, long-term monitoring of the seismic environment, namely ground motion from moonquakes to meteorite impacts in the lunar south polar region. The instrument will characterize the regional structure of the Moon’s crust and mantle, which will add valuable information to lunar formation and evolution models.
LEMS (Artemis III) Faculty

Veronica Bray
Associate Research Professor
Lunar Studies, Planetary Analogs, Planetary Surfaces
Dani Mendoza DellaGiustina
Assistant Professor, Deputy Principal Investigator, OSIRIS-REx, Principal Investigator, OSIRIS-APEX
Earth, Photogrammetry, Planetary Analogs, Planetary Geophysics, Planetary Surfaces, Small Bodies
Angela Marusiak
Assistant Research Professor
Lunar Studies, Planetary Analogs, Planetary Geophysics, Small Bodies, Titan & Outer Solar SystemLEMS (Artemis III) Researchers

Dathon Golish
Mission Instrument and Observation Scientist
Photogrammetry, Small BodiesLEMS (Artemis III) Support Staff

Carina Bennett
Project Manager and Software Engineer, SAMIS

LRO
Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter
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Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter
The LRO instruments return global data, such as day-night temperature maps, a global geodetic grid, high resolution color imaging and the moon's UV albedo. However there is particular emphasis on the polar regions of the moon where continuous access to solar illumination may be possible and the prospect of water in the permanently shadowed regions at the poles may exist. Although the objectives of LRO are explorative in nature, the payload includes instruments with considerable heritage from previous planetary science missions, enabling transition, after one year, to a science phase under NASA's Science Mission Directorate.
LRO Faculty

William Boynton
Professor Emeritus
Astrobiology, Cosmochemistry, Lunar Studies, Small Bodies
Veronica Bray
Associate Research Professor
Lunar Studies, Planetary Analogs, Planetary Surfaces
Lynn Carter
Associate Department Head, Professor, University Distinguished Scholar
Earth, Lunar Studies, Planetary Analogs, Planetary Geophysics, Planetary Surfaces, Titan & Outer Solar System
Alfred McEwen
Regents Professor
Astrobiology, Lunar Studies, Photogrammetry, Planetary Analogs, Planetary Geophysics, Planetary Surfaces
Michael Nolan
Deputy Principal Investigator, OSIRIS-APEX, Research Professor
Small BodiesLRO Researchers

Sarah Sutton
Photogrammetry Program Lead, HiRISE, Researcher/Scientist
Earth, Lunar Studies, Photogrammetry, Planetary Analogs, Planetary Surfaces, Small BodiesLRO Support Staff

Kris Akers
Research Engineering Technician
Photogrammetry
Michael Fitzgibbon
Software Engineer, Lead Calibration & Validation, OSIRIS-REx

Andrew Gardner
Systems Programmer, Principal

Karl Harshman
Manager, OSIRIS-REx/SPOC

Mars 2020
Mars 2020
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The Mars 2020 rover will characterize a region of Mars that could have once been favorable for life. It will investigate the geological history of the site, assess the possibility of past life, and search for biosignatures. The rover is equipped with a drill and will also collect a sample suite that will be cached along the traverse for a possible return to Earth by a future mission. It will have two instruments on an arm that will study the chemistry and mineralogy of rocks, two instruments on a mast for high resolution imaging and spectroscopy, an atmospheric science package, and a radar to map subsurface stratigraphy.
Mars 2020 Faculty

Lynn Carter
Associate Department Head, Professor, University Distinguished Scholar
Earth, Lunar Studies, Planetary Analogs, Planetary Geophysics, Planetary Surfaces, Titan & Outer Solar System
Peter Smith
Professor Emeritus
Astrobiology
Mars Odyssey
Mars Odyssey
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Mars Odyssey is a robotic spacecraft orbiting the planet Mars. Its mission is to use spectrometers and a thermal imager to detect evidence of past or present water and ice, as well as study the planet's geology and radiation environment. It is hoped that the data Odyssey obtains will help answer the question of whether life existed on Mars and create a risk-assessment of the radiation that future astronauts on Mars might experience. It also acts as a relay for communications between the Mars Science Laboratory, and previously the Mars Exploration Rovers and Phoenix lander, to Earth.
View GRS PDS Data Node
Mars Odyssey Faculty

William Boynton
Professor Emeritus
Astrobiology, Cosmochemistry, Lunar Studies, Small BodiesMars Odyssey Support Staff

Michael Fitzgibbon
Software Engineer, Lead Calibration & Validation, OSIRIS-REx

Andrew Gardner
Systems Programmer, Principal

Karl Harshman
Manager, OSIRIS-REx/SPOC

MAVEN
Mars Atmosphere and Volatile Evolution
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Mars Atmosphere and Volatile EvolutioN
Answers About Mars' Climate History
The Mars Atmosphere and Volatile EvolutioN (MAVEN) mission is part of NASA's Mars Scout program, funded by NASA Headquarters. Launched in Nov. 2013, the mission will explore the Red Planet’s upper atmosphere, ionosphere and interactions with the sun and solar wind. Scientists will use MAVEN data to determine the role that loss of volatiles from the Mars atmosphere to space has played through time, giving insight into the history of Mars' atmosphere and climate, liquid water, and planetary habitability.
MAVEN Faculty

Roger Yelle
Professor
Astrobiology, Exoplanets, Planetary Atmospheres, Titan & Outer Solar SystemMAVEN Researchers

Hannes Gröller
Research Scientist/Assistant Staff Scientist
Asteroid Surveys
MMX
Martian Moons eXploration
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Martian Moons eXploration
Martian Moons eXploration (MMX) is a Martian moons exploration project aiming for launch in the early 2020s. After launching from the Earth, the spacecraft arrives in the Martian space over a period of about a year, and is entered into an orbit around Mars. After that, it will enter the Quasi Satellite Orbit (QSO) around the Martian moon, and get scientific data and samples from the Martian moon. After the observation and sample collection, the spacecraft will come back to the earth with samples taken from the martin moon. Currently it is assumed that it will be launched in 2024, Martian orbit insertion in 2025, and it will return to the earth in 2029.
By exploring the Martian moon, it is expected to improve technologies for future planet and satellite exploration such as, technologies required for roundtrip between the earth and Mars, the advanced sampling technique on the Martian moon surface, and the optimal communication technology using the deep space network ground station.
MMX Faculty

Erik Asphaug
Professor
Lunar Studies, Planetary Analogs, Planetary Geophysics, Planetary Surfaces, Small Bodies, Theoretical Astrophysics, Titan & Outer Solar System
MRO
Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter
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Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter
Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter (MRO) has studied the Red Planet's atmosphere and terrain from orbit since 2006 and also serves as a key data relay station for other Mars missions, including the Mars Exploration Rover Opportunity.
Equipped with a powerful camera called HiRISE that has aided in a number of discoveries, the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter has sent back thousands of stunning images of the Martian surface that are helping scientists learn more about Mars, including the history of water flows on or near the planet's surface.
MRO Faculty

Lynn Carter
Associate Department Head, Professor, University Distinguished Scholar
Earth, Lunar Studies, Planetary Analogs, Planetary Geophysics, Planetary Surfaces, Titan & Outer Solar System
Virginia Gulick
Research Professor
Astrobiology, Planetary Analogs, Planetary Surfaces
Jack Holt
Professor, EDO Director
Earth, Planetary Analogs, Planetary Geophysics, Planetary Surfaces
Alfred McEwen
Regents Professor
Astrobiology, Lunar Studies, Photogrammetry, Planetary Analogs, Planetary Geophysics, Planetary Surfaces
Stefano Nerozzi
Assistant Research Professor
Earth, Planetary Analogs, Planetary Geophysics, Planetary SurfacesMRO Researchers

Sarah Sutton
Photogrammetry Program Lead, HiRISE, Researcher/Scientist
Earth, Lunar Studies, Photogrammetry, Planetary Analogs, Planetary Surfaces, Small BodiesMRO Support Staff

Nicole Bardabelias
Science Operations Engineer, HiRISE

Nicole Baugh
Uplink Operations Lead, HiRISE

Kristin Block
Principal Science Operations Engineer, HiRISE

Richard Leis
Staff Technician, Senior, HiRISE

Singleton Papendick
Science Operations Engineer, HiRISE
Earth, Planetary Surfaces
Anjani Polit
Deputy Principal Investigator, OSIRIS-APEX

Christian Schaller
Spacecraft Operations Software Engineer, HiRISE

MSL
Mars Science Laboratory (Curiosity)
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Mars Science Laboratory
Mars Science Laboratory is part of NASA's Mars Exploration Program, a long-term effort of robotic exploration of the red planet. Curiosity was designed to assess whether Mars ever had an environment able to support small life forms called microbes. In other words, its mission is to determine the planet's "habitability.
MSL Faculty

William Boynton
Professor Emeritus
Astrobiology, Cosmochemistry, Lunar Studies, Small BodiesMSL Support Staff

Michael Fitzgibbon
Software Engineer, Lead Calibration & Validation, OSIRIS-REx

Andrew Gardner
Systems Programmer, Principal

Karl Harshman
Manager, OSIRIS-REx/SPOC

Nautilus
Nautilus
×Nautilus is a revolutionary space telescope concept that builds on a novel technology – engineered material diffractive-transmissive optical elements – to overcome the greatest limitations of space telescopes: non-scalable primary mirrors. By providing large but ultra-light telescope apertures, the Nautilus technology will enable the launch of a large fleet of identical telescopes. With a light-collecting power equivalent to a 50m diameter mirror Nautilus will be capable of surveying thousands of earth-sized habitable zone planets for atmospheric signatures of life.
Nautilus Faculty

Dániel Apai
Interim Associate Dean for Research, College of Science, Principal Investigator, Alien Earths, Professor
Astrobiology, Exoplanets, Planetary Atmospheres, Planetary Formation and Evolution
NEOWISE
Near-Earth Object Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer
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Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer
The Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE), a NASA infrared-wavelength astronomical space telescope, was active from December 2009 to February 2011. It was launched on December 14, 2009, and decommissioned/hibernated on February 17, 2011 when its transmitter was turned off. It performed an all-sky astronomical survey with images in 3.4, 4.6, 12 and 22 μm wavelength range bands, over 10 months using a 40 cm (16 in) diameter infrared telescope in Earth-orbit. The initial mission length was limited by its hydrogen coolant, but a secondary post-cryogenic mission continued four more months with two of the four detectors remaining operational.
In September 2013, the spacecraft was reactivated, renamed NEOWISE and assigned a new mission: to assist NASA's efforts to identify and characterize the population of near-Earth objects. NEOWISE is also characterizing more distant populations of asteroids and comets to provide information about their sizes and compositions.
NEOWISE Faculty

Robert (Bob) McMillan
Research Professor (Retired)
Asteroid Surveys, Planetary Astronomy, Small Bodies
OSIRIS-APEX
OSIRIS-Apophis Explorer
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OSIRIS-APophis EXplorer
The OSIRIS-APEX mission will reprise the discoveries of the OSIRIS-REx spacecraft at a second asteroid, Apophis. An hour after Apophis’s dramatic close approach to Earth on April 13, 2029, The OSIRIS-APEX spacecraft will use Earth’s gravity to put itself on a course to rendezvous with the asteroid to begin an 18-month campaign of investigation and discovery. Having already challenged our understanding of “carbonaceous” (C-complex) asteroids during its exploration of Bennu, the spacecraft instrument suite will provide first-of-its-kind high-resolution data of a “stony” (S-complex) asteroid—dramatically advancing our knowledge of this asteroid class and its connection to the meteorite collection. After 15 months orbiting Apophis, APEX will use its thrusters to dig into the surface. This will allow us to observe subsurface material, which will provide otherwise inaccessible insight into space weathering and the surface strength of stony asteroids.
Although scientific discovery is APEX’s prime motivation, Apophis’ bulk structure and surface strength have critical implications for planetary defense. Shortly after its discovery in 2004, there was concern that Apophis could hit Earth in the 2029 encounter. Further observations ruled out that possibility, and we now know that it does not present any danger for at least 100 years. Nevertheless, as an S-complex object, Apophis represents the most common class of potentially hazardous asteroids (PHAs) and knowledge of its properties can inform mitigation strategies. Monitoring Apophis during and after Earth approach provides the first opportunity to witness any change in the surfaces and orbits of an asteroid that could influence its likelihood of striking Earth.
OSIRIS-APEX Faculty

Dani Mendoza DellaGiustina
Assistant Professor, Deputy Principal Investigator, OSIRIS-REx, Principal Investigator, OSIRIS-APEX
Earth, Photogrammetry, Planetary Analogs, Planetary Geophysics, Planetary Surfaces, Small Bodies
Dante Lauretta
Director, Arizona Astrobiology Center, Principal Investigator, OSIRIS-REx, Regents Professor
Astrobiology, Cosmochemistry, Small Bodies
Michael Nolan
Deputy Principal Investigator, OSIRIS-APEX, Research Professor
Small Bodies
Tyler Robinson
Associate Professor
Exoplanets
Peter Smith
Professor Emeritus
AstrobiologyOSIRIS-APEX Researchers

Dathon Golish
Mission Instrument and Observation Scientist
Photogrammetry, Small Bodies
Bashar Rizk
Research Scientist/Senior Staff Scientist, OSIRIS-REx/OCAMS
Asteroid Surveys, Planetary AtmospheresAndrew Ryan
Researcher/Scientist, OSIRIS-REx
Planetary Surfaces
Sarah Sutton
Photogrammetry Program Lead, HiRISE, Researcher/Scientist
Earth, Lunar Studies, Photogrammetry, Planetary Analogs, Planetary Surfaces, Small BodiesOSIRIS-APEX Support Staff

Kris Becker
Senior Data Analyst, OSIRIS-REx
Photogrammetry
Carina Bennett
Project Manager and Software Engineer, SAMIS

Denise Blum
Business Manager, OSIRIS-REx

Tony Ferro
System Administrator, OSIRIS-REx/SPOC

Michael Fitzgibbon
Software Engineer, Lead Calibration & Validation, OSIRIS-REx

Rose Garcia
R&D Engineer Scientist, OSIRIS-REx

Andrew Gardner
Systems Programmer, Principal

Damian Hammond
Software Engineer, OSIRIS-REx Telemetry Processing

Karl Harshman
Manager, OSIRIS-REx/SPOC

CeeCee Hill
R&D Software Engineer, OSIRIS-APEX

Zachary Komanapalli
Research Technician, OSIRIS-APEX

Megan Montano
Research Technician, OSIRIS-APEX

Anjani Polit
Deputy Principal Investigator, OSIRIS-APEX

Heather Roper
Media Specialist, Senior

Mathilde Westermann
Lead GIS Development Engineer, OSIRIS-REx

Catherine Wolner
Editor, OSIRIS-REx

OSIRIS-REx
Origins, Spectral Interpretation, Resource Identification, Security, Regolith Explorer
×
Origins, Spectral Interpretation, Resource Identification, Security, Regolith Explorer
OSIRIS-REx launched from the Cape Canaveral Air Force Station in Florida on Sept. 8, 2016. It arrived at Bennu on Dec. 3, 2018, and began orbiting the asteroid Bennu for the first time on Dec. 31, 2018. On October 20, 2020, OSIRIS-REx made history for NASA when it tagged the surface of asteroid Bennu for 4.7 seconds, triggering a flush of nitrogen gas and collecting the largest sample of extraterrestrial material since the Apollo moon landings. In preparation for the sample collection, the spacecraft had spent two years photographing and mapping the asteroid in tremendous detail. The spacecraft successfully dropped its sample return capsule to return to Earth on Sept. 24, 2023.
The OSIRIS-REx mission seeks answers to questions that are central to the human experience: Where did we come from? What is our destiny? OSIRIS-REx is going to Bennu, a carbon-rich asteroid that records the earliest history of our Solar System, and bringing a piece of it back to Earth. Bennu may contain the molecular precursors to the origin of life and the Earth’s oceans. Bennu is also one of the most potentially hazardous asteroids. It has a relatively high probability of impacting the Earth late in the 22nd century. OSIRIS-REx will determine Bennu’s physical and chemical properties. This will be critical for future scientists to know when developing an impact mitigation mission. Finally, asteroids like Bennu contain natural resources such as water, organics, and precious metals. Future space exploration and economic development will rely on asteroids for these precious materials. Asteroids may one day fuel the exploration of the Solar System by robotic and manned spacecraft.
Touching the Asteroid
OSIRIS-REx Faculty

Erik Asphaug
Professor
Lunar Studies, Planetary Analogs, Planetary Geophysics, Planetary Surfaces, Small Bodies, Theoretical Astrophysics, Titan & Outer Solar System
Jessica Barnes
Associate Professor
Cosmochemistry, Lunar Studies, Planetary Analogs
William Boynton
Professor Emeritus
Astrobiology, Cosmochemistry, Lunar Studies, Small Bodies
Dani Mendoza DellaGiustina
Assistant Professor, Deputy Principal Investigator, OSIRIS-REx, Principal Investigator, OSIRIS-APEX
Earth, Photogrammetry, Planetary Analogs, Planetary Geophysics, Planetary Surfaces, Small Bodies
Pierre Haenecour
Assistant Professor
Astrobiology, Cosmochemistry, Planetary Astronomy, Small Bodies
Ellen Howell
Research Professor
Small Bodies
Dante Lauretta
Director, Arizona Astrobiology Center, Principal Investigator, OSIRIS-REx, Regents Professor
Astrobiology, Cosmochemistry, Small Bodies
Renu Malhotra
Louise Foucar Marshall Science Research Professor, Regents Professor
Astrobiology, Exoplanets, Orbital Dynamics, Planetary Formation and Evolution, Small Bodies, Theoretical Astrophysics
Michael Nolan
Deputy Principal Investigator, OSIRIS-APEX, Research Professor
Small Bodies
Peter Smith
Professor Emeritus
AstrobiologyTimothy Swindle
Professor Emeritus
Cosmochemistry, Lunar Studies, Small Bodies, Theoretical Astrophysics
Tom Zega
Professor
Astrobiology, Cosmochemistry, Small BodiesOSIRIS-REx Researchers

Laura Chaves
Postdoctoral Research Associate
Cosmochemistry, Small Bodies
Matthew Chojnacki
DCC Associate Research (McEwen)
Photogrammetry, Planetary Surfaces, Small Bodies
Ruby Fulford
PTYS Graduate Student
Astrobiology, Planetary Geophysics, Planetary Surfaces, Small Bodies, Titan & Outer Solar System
Dathon Golish
Mission Instrument and Observation Scientist
Photogrammetry, Small Bodies
Kana Ishimaru
PTYS Graduate Student
Cosmochemistry, Small Bodies
Robert Melikyan
PTYS Graduate Student
Orbital Dynamics, Small Bodies
Beau Prince
PTYS Graduate Student
Cosmochemistry
Bashar Rizk
Research Scientist/Senior Staff Scientist, OSIRIS-REx/OCAMS
Asteroid Surveys, Planetary AtmospheresAndrew Ryan
Researcher/Scientist, OSIRIS-REx
Planetary Surfaces
Stephen Schwartz
DCC Associate Staff Scientist (Asphaug)
Orbital Dynamics, Planetary Astronomy, Planetary Surfaces, Small Bodies, Space Situational Awareness
Sarah Sutton
Photogrammetry Program Lead, HiRISE, Researcher/Scientist
Earth, Lunar Studies, Photogrammetry, Planetary Analogs, Planetary Surfaces, Small BodiesOSIRIS-REx Support Staff

Kris Becker
Senior Data Analyst, OSIRIS-REx
Photogrammetry
Carina Bennett
Project Manager and Software Engineer, SAMIS

Denise Blum
Business Manager, OSIRIS-REx

Christian d'Aubigny
DCC Deputy Instrument Scientist, OCAMS (Byrne)

Tony Ferro
System Administrator, OSIRIS-REx/SPOC

Michael Fitzgibbon
Software Engineer, Lead Calibration & Validation, OSIRIS-REx

Andrew Gardner
Systems Programmer, Principal

Damian Hammond
Software Engineer, OSIRIS-REx Telemetry Processing

Karl Harshman
Manager, OSIRIS-REx/SPOC

Dolores Hill
Research Specialist, Senior
Cosmochemistry, Small Bodies
CeeCee Hill
R&D Software Engineer, OSIRIS-APEX

Joshua Kantarges
SAMIS Software Engineer, OSIRIS-REx

Anjani Polit
Deputy Principal Investigator, OSIRIS-APEX

Heather Roper
Media Specialist, Senior

Mathilde Westermann
Lead GIS Development Engineer, OSIRIS-REx

Catherine Wolner
Editor, OSIRIS-REx

Pandora
Pandora
×
Pandora's primary objective is to conduct a long baseline survey of transiting exoplanets orbiting nearby stars with simultaneous photometric and spectroscopic observations in order to quantify and correct for stellar contamination in transmission spectra and subsequently identify exoplanets with hydrogen or water.
Pandora Faculty

Dániel Apai
Interim Associate Dean for Research, College of Science, Principal Investigator, Alien Earths, Professor
Astrobiology, Exoplanets, Planetary Atmospheres, Planetary Formation and EvolutionPandora Support Staff

Andrew Gardner
Systems Programmer, Principal

Karl Harshman
Manager, OSIRIS-REx/SPOC

Joshua Kantarges
SAMIS Software Engineer, OSIRIS-REx

Parker Solar Probe
Parker Solar Probe: A NASA Mission to Touch the Sun
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The First Mission to the Nearest Star
Parker Solar Probe will be a historic mission, flying into the Sun's atmosphere (or corona) for the first time. LPL Professor Joe Giacalone is Co-Investigator for the Integrated Science Investigation of the Sun (IS☉IS) instrument. Coming closer to the Sun than any previous spacecraft, Solar Probe Plus will employ a combination of in situ measurements and imaging to achieve the mission's primary scientific goal: to understand how the Sun's corona is heated and how the solar wind is accelerated. Parker Solar Probe will revolutionize our knowledge of the origin and evolution of the solar wind.
Parker Solar Probe Faculty

Joe Giacalone
Professor
Solar and Heliospheric Research, Theoretical Astrophysics
Kristopher Klein
Associate Professor
Solar and Heliospheric Research, Theoretical AstrophysicsParker Solar Probe Researchers

Mihailo Martinović
Researcher/Scientist
Solar and Heliospheric Research
Psyche
Psyche
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Pysche is both the name of an asteroid orbiting the Sun between Mars and Jupiter — and the name of a NASA space mission to visit that asteroid, led by Arizona State University. The mission was chosen by NASA on January 4, 2017 as one of two missions for the agency’s Discovery Program, a series of relatively low-cost missions to solar system targets.
The Psyche spacecraft is targeted to launch in summer 2022 and travel to the asteroid using solar-electric (low-thrust) propulsion, arriving in 2026, following a Mars flyby and gravity-assist in 2023. After arrival, the mission plan calls for 21 months spent at the asteroid, mapping it and studying its properties.
Psyche Faculty

Erik Asphaug
Professor
Lunar Studies, Planetary Analogs, Planetary Geophysics, Planetary Surfaces, Small Bodies, Theoretical Astrophysics, Titan & Outer Solar SystemPsyche Researchers

Namya Baijal
PTYS Graduate Student
Planetary Geophysics, Planetary Surfaces, Small Bodies
RAVEN
Rover–Aerial Vehicle Exploration Network
×
Rover–Aerial Vehicle Exploration Network
A team of scientists led by LPL’s Christopher Hamilton, an associate professor, are gearing up to send drones on exploration missions across a vast lava field in Iceland to test a next-generation Mars exploration concept. Hamilton is the principal investigator on a project that has been awarded a $3.1 million NASA grant to develop a new concept combining rovers and unmanned aerial systems, commonly known as drones, to explore regions of the red planet that have been previously inaccessible.
These new Rover–Aerial Vehicle Exploration Networks will be tested in Iceland to explore volcanic terrains similar to those observed on Mars. RAVEN adds an entirely new approach to NASA’s paradigm of planetary exploration, which traditionally has centered around four steps, each building on the scientific findings of the previous one: flyby, orbit, land and rove, according to Hamilton. The first spacecraft sent to a previously unvisited body in the solar system commonly executes a flyby pass to collect as many data as possible to inform subsequent robotic missions, which consist of another space probe placed into orbit, then a lander, which studies the surface in one place, and, finally, a rover built to move around and analyze various points of scientific interest.
RAVEN Faculty

Christopher Hamilton
Associate Professor
Astrobiology, Earth, Lunar Studies, Photogrammetry, Planetary Analogs, Planetary Geophysics, Planetary SurfacesRAVEN Researchers

Nathan Hadland
PTYS Graduate Student
Astrobiology, Earth, Planetary Analogs, Planetary Surfaces
Michael Phillips
Researcher/Scientist
Astrobiology, Photogrammetry, Planetary Analogs, Planetary Surfaces
Snow4Flow
Snow4Flow
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Snow4Flow will capture the spatial variability in snow accumulation and ice volume across 4 Northern Hemisphere (NH) regions containing hundreds of rapidly changing glaciers to deliver more reliable, societally relevant projections of land-ice change. This major advance requires spatially extensive radar-sounding surveys that are not possible from orbit. This EVS-4 mission will drive foundational improvements to NH land-ice boundary conditions and forcing data – including orographic precipitation patterns in alpine environments, ice thickness and subglacial topography – and directly leverages them into state-of-the-art models and projections.
Snow4Flow Faculty

Jack Holt
Professor, EDO Director
Earth, Planetary Analogs, Planetary Geophysics, Planetary Surfaces
Solar Orbiter
Solar Orbiter
×
Solar Orbiter is a mission dedicated to solar and heliospheric physics. It was selected as the first medium-class mission of ESA's Cosmic Vision 2015-2025 Programme. The programme outlines key scientific questions which need to be answered about the development of planets and the emergence of life, how the Solar System works, the origins of the Universe, and the fundamental physics at work in the Universe.
Solar Orbiter Faculty

Joe Giacalone
Professor
Solar and Heliospheric Research, Theoretical AstrophysicsSolar Orbiter Researchers

Mihailo Martinović
Researcher/Scientist
Solar and Heliospheric Research
SPARCS
Star-Planet Activity Research CubeSat
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Star-Planet Activity Research CubeSat
The Star-Planet Activity Research CubeSat (SPARCS) is a small space telescope about the size and shape of a family-size Cheerios box.
It is built of six cubical units, each about four inches on a side. These are joined to make a spacecraft two units wide by three long in what is termed a 6U spacecraft; solar power panels extend like wings from one end.
The mission which SPARCS will undertake is monitoring the flares and sunspot activity of M-type stars, also called red dwarfs, in the far- and near-ultraviolet. The purpose of this is to assess how habitable the space environment is for planets orbiting them.
SPARCS Faculty

Travis Barman
Professor
Exoplanets
VERITAS
Venus Emissivity, Radio science, InSAR, Topography, And Spectroscopy
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Venus Emissivity, Radio science, InSAR, Topography, And Spectroscopy
VERITAS is a Venus orbiter designed to reveal how the paths of Venus and Earth diverged, and how Venus lost its potential as a habitable world.
VERITAS Faculty

Jeffrey Andrews-Hanna
Professor
Lunar Studies, Planetary Geophysics, Planetary Surfaces, Titan & Outer Solar SystemVERITAS Researchers

Joseph Schools
Researcher/Scientist

Asteroid Surveys
Asteroid Surveys
×
Catalina Sky Survey
The mission of the Catalina Sky Survey is to contribute to the inventory of near-earth objects (NEOs), or more specifically, the potentially hazardous asteroids (PHAs) that pose an impact risk to Earth and its inhabitants.
The identification of the iridium anomaly at the Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary (Alvarez et al. 1980), associated Chicxulub impact crater (Hildebrand et al. 1991) and the Permian-Triassic "great dying" possibly being associated with Australian Bedout Crater (Becker et al. 2004) strongly suggest that impacts by minor planets play an important role in the evolution of life.

SPACEWATCH®
The primary goal of SPACEWATCH® is to explore the various populations of small objects in the solar system, and study the statistics of asteroids and comets in order to investigate the dynamical evolution of the solar system. SPACEWATCH® also finds potential targets for interplanetary spacecraft missions, provides follow-up astrometry of such targets, and finds objects that might present a hazard to the Earth.
Asteroid Surveys Faculty

Robert (Bob) McMillan
Research Professor (Retired)
Asteroid Surveys, Planetary Astronomy, Small BodiesAsteroid Surveys Researchers

Adam Battle
R&D Software Engineer, SPACE 4 Center
Asteroid Surveys, Small Bodies, Space Situational Awareness
Melissa Brucker
Principal Investigator, Spacewatch, Research Scientist
Asteroid Surveys, Small BodiesCarson Fuls
Director, Catalina Sky Survey, PTYS Graduate Student
Asteroid Surveys, Small Bodies
Hannes Gröller
Research Scientist/Assistant Staff Scientist
Asteroid Surveys
Steve Larson
Research Scientist/Senior Staff Scientist
Asteroid Surveys, Small Bodies
Bashar Rizk
Research Scientist/Senior Staff Scientist, OSIRIS-REx/OCAMS
Asteroid Surveys, Planetary AtmospheresAsteroid Surveys Support Staff

Tracie Beuden
Survey Operations Specialist, Catalina Sky Survey
Asteroid Surveys
Terrence Bressi
Engineer/Observer, Spacewatch
Asteroid Surveys
Vivian Carvajal
Survey Operations Specialist, Catalina Sky Survey
Asteroid SurveysDon Fay
R&D Systems Engineer, Catalina Sky Survey
Asteroid Surveys
Jacqueline Fazekas
Research Technologist, Catalina Sky Survey
Asteroid Surveys
Alex Gibbs
Principal Engineer, Catalina Sky Survey
Asteroid Surveys
Albert Grauer
Technical Expert, Catalina Sky Survey
Asteroid Surveys
Joshua Hogan
Research Technologist, Catalina Sky Survey
Asteroid Surveys
Richard Kowalski
Research Specialist, Senior, Catalina Sky Survey
Asteroid Surveys
Jeffrey Larsen
Technical Expert, Spacewatch
Asteroid Surveys
Gregory Leonard
Research Specialist, Senior, Catalina Sky Survey
Asteroid Surveys
Ronald Mastaler
Observer, Spacewatch
Asteroid Surveys
David Rankin
R&D Operations Engineer, Catalina Sky Survey
Asteroid Surveys
Michael Read
Chief Engineer/Observer, Spacewatch
Asteroid Surveys
James Scotti
Observer, Spacewatch
Asteroid Surveys
Robert Seaman
Data Engineer, Senior, Data Engineer, Senior, Catalina Sky Survey
Asteroid Surveys
Frank Shelly
Senior Systems Programmer, Catalina Sky Survey
Asteroid Surveys
Andrew Tubbiolo
Engineer/Observer, Spacewatch
Asteroid Surveys
Astrobiology
Astrobiology
×Astrobiology is a vibrant, interdisciplinary field that focuses on the study of the origins, distribution and evolution of life in the universe. The Arizona Astrobiology Center (AABC) brings together researchers from across campus to serve as a hub for diverse scientific endeavors, providing bold and transformative dialogue to make astrobiology discoveries relevant to the experiences of all people on Earth.
In addition to the strengths of AABC, U of A is home to two of the eight interdisciplinary research teams selected by the NASA Astrobiology Program to inaugurate its Interdisciplinary Consortia for Astrobiology Research program are located at the University of Arizona. Led by Dániel Apai, the teams were selected from a pool of more than 40 proposals. The breadth and depth of the research of these teams spans the spectrum of astrobiology research, from cosmic origins to planetary system formation, origins and evolution of life, and the search for life beyond Earth.
The University of Arizona offers both undergraduate and graduate minors in Astrobiology.

Arizona Astrobiology Center
Researchers and students benefit from a long campus history of interdisciplinary collaboration drawing from astronomy, planetary sciences, chemistry, geo- and biological sciences and early engagement with pioneering NASA astrobiology nodes.
Astrobiology Faculty

Dániel Apai
Interim Associate Dean for Research, College of Science, Principal Investigator, Alien Earths, Professor
Astrobiology, Exoplanets, Planetary Atmospheres, Planetary Formation and Evolution
William Boynton
Professor Emeritus
Astrobiology, Cosmochemistry, Lunar Studies, Small Bodies
Shane Byrne
Professor
Astrobiology, Photogrammetry, Planetary Analogs, Planetary Geophysics, Planetary Surfaces, Titan & Outer Solar System
Caitlin Griffith
Professor Emeritus
Astrobiology, Exoplanets, Planetary Astronomy, Planetary Atmospheres, Planetary Formation and Evolution, Planetary Surfaces, Titan & Outer Solar System
Virginia Gulick
Research Professor
Astrobiology, Planetary Analogs, Planetary Surfaces
Pierre Haenecour
Assistant Professor
Astrobiology, Cosmochemistry, Planetary Astronomy, Small Bodies
Christopher Hamilton
Associate Professor
Astrobiology, Earth, Lunar Studies, Photogrammetry, Planetary Analogs, Planetary Geophysics, Planetary Surfaces
Dante Lauretta
Director, Arizona Astrobiology Center, Principal Investigator, OSIRIS-REx, Regents Professor
Astrobiology, Cosmochemistry, Small Bodies
Renu Malhotra
Louise Foucar Marshall Science Research Professor, Regents Professor
Astrobiology, Exoplanets, Orbital Dynamics, Planetary Formation and Evolution, Small Bodies, Theoretical Astrophysics
Isamu Matsuyama
Professor
Astrobiology, Exoplanets, Lunar Studies, Planetary Formation and Evolution, Planetary Geophysics, Theoretical Astrophysics, Titan & Outer Solar System
Alfred McEwen
Regents Professor
Astrobiology, Lunar Studies, Photogrammetry, Planetary Analogs, Planetary Geophysics, Planetary Surfaces
Ilaria Pascucci
Professor
Astrobiology, Exoplanets, Planetary Astronomy, Planetary Formation and Evolution
Sukrit Ranjan
Assistant Professor
Astrobiology, Earth, Exoplanets, Planetary Atmospheres, Planetary Formation and Evolution, Theoretical Astrophysics
Peter Smith
Professor Emeritus
Astrobiology
Roger Yelle
Professor
Astrobiology, Exoplanets, Planetary Atmospheres, Titan & Outer Solar System
Tom Zega
Professor
Astrobiology, Cosmochemistry, Small BodiesAstrobiology Researchers

Galen Bergsten
PTYS Graduate Student
Astrobiology, Exoplanets, Planetary Atmospheres, Planetary Formation and Evolution
Jacob Bernal
DCC Postdoctoral Research Associate (Zega), NSF Postdoctoral Fellow
Astrobiology, Cosmochemistry, Small Bodies
David Cantillo
PTYS Graduate Student
Astrobiology, Small Bodies, Space Situational Awareness
Dingshan Deng
PTYS Graduate Student
Astrobiology, Exoplanets, Planetary Formation and Evolution
Searra Foote
PTYS Graduate Student
Astrobiology, Exoplanets, Planetary Atmospheres
Ruby Fulford
PTYS Graduate Student
Astrobiology, Planetary Geophysics, Planetary Surfaces, Small Bodies, Titan & Outer Solar System
Kiki Gonglewski
PTYS Graduate Student
Astrobiology, Exoplanets, Planetary Formation and Evolution
Nathan Hadland
PTYS Graduate Student
Astrobiology, Earth, Planetary Analogs, Planetary Surfaces
Michael Phillips
Researcher/Scientist
Astrobiology, Photogrammetry, Planetary Analogs, Planetary Surfaces
Lily Robinthal
PTYS Graduate Student
Astrobiology, Exoplanets, Planetary Astronomy, Planetary Atmospheres
Christina Singh
PTYS Graduate Student
Astrobiology, Photogrammetry, Planetary Analogs, Planetary Surfaces
Lucas Smith
PTYS Graduate Student
Astrobiology, Cosmochemistry
Kayla Smith
PTYS Graduate Student
Astrobiology, Exoplanets, Planetary Atmospheres
Jingyu Wang
PTYS Graduate Student
Astrobiology, Exoplanets, Planetary Astronomy, Planetary Atmospheres
James Windsor
Postdoctoral Research Associate
Astrobiology, Exoplanets, Planetary Astronomy, Planetary Atmospheres
Cosmochemistry
Cosmochemistry
×Planetary Materials are those pieces of condensed matter that were leftover from the time that our solar system formed over 4.5 billion years ago. Current emphasis is on determining the structure of materials at the atomic scale using transmission electron microscopy. In addition, we are pursuing instrumentation to analyze samples that will be brought back from asteroids and other Solar System bodies in the 2020s.

Planetary Materials Research Group
Planetary Materials are those pieces of condensed matter that were leftover from the time that our solar system formed over 4.5 billion years ago. Such materials include interplanetary dust particles, pre-solar grains, primitive meteorites and soils from the Moon and asteroids. The Planetary Materials Research Group studies the constituent minerals within such samples at scales ranging from micrometers down to the atomic. We use information on crystal structure and chemistry to understand the conditions under which such minerals formed.
Cosmochemistry Faculty

Jessica Barnes
Associate Professor
Cosmochemistry, Lunar Studies, Planetary Analogs
William Boynton
Professor Emeritus
Astrobiology, Cosmochemistry, Lunar Studies, Small Bodies
Pierre Haenecour
Assistant Professor
Astrobiology, Cosmochemistry, Planetary Astronomy, Small Bodies
Dante Lauretta
Director, Arizona Astrobiology Center, Principal Investigator, OSIRIS-REx, Regents Professor
Astrobiology, Cosmochemistry, Small Bodies
Vishnu Reddy
Professor
Cosmochemistry, Planetary Astronomy, Planetary Surfaces, Small Bodies, Space Situational AwarenessTimothy Swindle
Professor Emeritus
Cosmochemistry, Lunar Studies, Small Bodies, Theoretical Astrophysics
Tom Zega
Professor
Astrobiology, Cosmochemistry, Small BodiesCosmochemistry Researchers

Maizey Benner
PTYS Graduate Student
Cosmochemistry
Jacob Bernal
DCC Postdoctoral Research Associate (Zega), NSF Postdoctoral Fellow
Astrobiology, Cosmochemistry, Small Bodies
Elias Bloch
Researcher/Scientist
Cosmochemistry
Laura Chaves
Postdoctoral Research Associate
Cosmochemistry, Small Bodies
Samuel Crossley
Researcher/Scientist
Cosmochemistry, Planetary Analogs, Planetary Formation and Evolution, Small Bodies
Kana Ishimaru
PTYS Graduate Student
Cosmochemistry, Small BodiesNicole Kerrison
PTYS Graduate Student
Cosmochemistry
Melissa Kontogiannis
PTYS Graduate Student
Cosmochemistry
Iunn Ong
PTYS Graduate Student
Cosmochemistry
Beau Prince
PTYS Graduate Student
Cosmochemistry
Lucas Smith
PTYS Graduate Student
Astrobiology, Cosmochemistry
Nathalia Vega Santiago
PTYS Graduate Student
CosmochemistryCosmochemistry Support Staff

Elana Alevy
Research Technician
Cosmochemistry, Lunar Studies
Dolores Hill
Research Specialist, Senior
Cosmochemistry, Small Bodies
Earth
Earth
×
Earth Dynamics Observatory
Combines the University’s strengths in space exploration, instrumentation, and earth sciences to learn more about our planet. Collecting information about Earth from space provides new information about how Earth systems work, how they are changing, and how humans might anticipate and respond to changes. Integrating UA’s expertise across diverse disciplines, in partnership with agencies and industry, allows researchers to collaboratively pose questions, design instruments to acquire the data needed to answer the questions, get the instruments into space to collect and transmit the data, analyze the data, and interpret its meaning. The results, especially when combined with ground-based data, will place the university at the forefront of understanding and educating others about how our planet functions and how we can mitigate and respond to hazards.

CatSat
CatSat is a 6U CubeSat being built and tested by University of Arizona students, faculty, and staff.
During the mission’s six month expected lifetime, CatSat will detect high frequency signals from HAM radio operators all around the globe with its WSPR antenna, demonstrate an inflatable antenna for high bandwidth transmission, and provide high resolution imaging of the Earth. The data this satellite provides will give insights on the variation of the ionosphere and the technical capabilities of the new systems being tested.
Earth Faculty

Lynn Carter
Associate Department Head, Professor, University Distinguished Scholar
Earth, Lunar Studies, Planetary Analogs, Planetary Geophysics, Planetary Surfaces, Titan & Outer Solar System
Dani Mendoza DellaGiustina
Assistant Professor, Deputy Principal Investigator, OSIRIS-REx, Principal Investigator, OSIRIS-APEX
Earth, Photogrammetry, Planetary Analogs, Planetary Geophysics, Planetary Surfaces, Small Bodies
Christopher Hamilton
Associate Professor
Astrobiology, Earth, Lunar Studies, Photogrammetry, Planetary Analogs, Planetary Geophysics, Planetary Surfaces
Jack Holt
Professor, EDO Director
Earth, Planetary Analogs, Planetary Geophysics, Planetary Surfaces
Lon Hood
Research Professor
Earth, Planetary Geophysics
Stefano Nerozzi
Assistant Research Professor
Earth, Planetary Analogs, Planetary Geophysics, Planetary Surfaces
Sukrit Ranjan
Assistant Professor
Astrobiology, Earth, Exoplanets, Planetary Atmospheres, Planetary Formation and Evolution, Theoretical AstrophysicsEarth Researchers

Brett Carr
Researcher/Scientist
Earth, Lunar Studies, Photogrammetry, Planetary Analogs, Planetary Surfaces
Rishi Chandra
PTYS Graduate Student
Earth, Lunar Studies, Planetary Analogs, Planetary Geophysics, Planetary Surfaces, Small Bodies
Michael Daniel
PTYS Graduate Student
Earth, Planetary Surfaces
Nathan Hadland
PTYS Graduate Student
Astrobiology, Earth, Planetary Analogs, Planetary Surfaces
Sarah Sutton
Photogrammetry Program Lead, HiRISE, Researcher/Scientist
Earth, Lunar Studies, Photogrammetry, Planetary Analogs, Planetary Surfaces, Small BodiesEarth Support Staff

Singleton Papendick
Science Operations Engineer, HiRISE
Earth, Planetary Surfaces
Exoplanets
Exoplanets
×Understanding planetary evolution and how life emerged on Earth are among the most fundamental questions in planetary science and astronomy. We are living in an exciting era where, in addition to the planets in our Solar System, we can study and characterize thousands of exoplanets orbiting other stars. Exoplanet studies at LPL cover a broad range of topics and benefit from unique departmental collaborations that bridge Solar System planetary science to astronomy. Key themes include the characterization and dispersal of protoplanetary disks around young stars, dynamics and stability of planetary systems, direct imaging and transit observations of exoplanets, and exoplanet atmospheric formation, evolution, and characterization.
Exoplanets Faculty

Dániel Apai
Interim Associate Dean for Research, College of Science, Principal Investigator, Alien Earths, Professor
Astrobiology, Exoplanets, Planetary Atmospheres, Planetary Formation and Evolution
Gilda Ballester
Research Professor (Retired)
Exoplanets, Planetary Astronomy, Planetary Atmospheres
Travis Barman
Professor
Exoplanets
Caitlin Griffith
Professor Emeritus
Astrobiology, Exoplanets, Planetary Astronomy, Planetary Atmospheres, Planetary Formation and Evolution, Planetary Surfaces, Titan & Outer Solar System
William Hubbard
Professor Emeritus
Exoplanets, Planetary Atmospheres, Planetary Formation and Evolution, Theoretical Astrophysics, Titan & Outer Solar System
Tommi Koskinen
Associate Department Head, Associate Professor
Exoplanets, Planetary Atmospheres, Planetary Formation and Evolution, Titan & Outer Solar System
Renu Malhotra
Louise Foucar Marshall Science Research Professor, Regents Professor
Astrobiology, Exoplanets, Orbital Dynamics, Planetary Formation and Evolution, Small Bodies, Theoretical Astrophysics
Mark S. Marley
Director, Department Head, Professor
Exoplanets
Isamu Matsuyama
Professor
Astrobiology, Exoplanets, Lunar Studies, Planetary Formation and Evolution, Planetary Geophysics, Theoretical Astrophysics, Titan & Outer Solar System
Ilaria Pascucci
Professor
Astrobiology, Exoplanets, Planetary Astronomy, Planetary Formation and Evolution
Sukrit Ranjan
Assistant Professor
Astrobiology, Earth, Exoplanets, Planetary Atmospheres, Planetary Formation and Evolution, Theoretical Astrophysics
Tyler Robinson
Associate Professor
Exoplanets
Roger Yelle
Professor
Astrobiology, Exoplanets, Planetary Atmospheres, Titan & Outer Solar SystemExoplanets Researchers

Rahul Arora
PTYS Graduate Student
Exoplanets, Planetary Atmospheres
Arin Avsar
PTYS Graduate Student
Exoplanets, Planetary Astronomy, Planetary Formation and Evolution
Naman Bajaj
PTYS Graduate Student
Exoplanets, Planetary Atmospheres, Planetary Formation and Evolution
Galen Bergsten
PTYS Graduate Student
Astrobiology, Exoplanets, Planetary Atmospheres, Planetary Formation and Evolution
Dingshan Deng
PTYS Graduate Student
Astrobiology, Exoplanets, Planetary Formation and Evolution
Searra Foote
PTYS Graduate Student
Astrobiology, Exoplanets, Planetary Atmospheres
Kiki Gonglewski
PTYS Graduate Student
Astrobiology, Exoplanets, Planetary Formation and Evolution
Joanna Hardesty
PTYS Graduate Student
Exoplanets, Planetary Atmospheres, Planetary Formation and Evolution
Lori Huseby
PTYS Graduate Student
Exoplanets, Planetary Atmospheres
Chaucer Langbert
PTYS Graduate Student
Exoplanets, Planetary Atmospheres
Fuda Nguyen
PTYS Graduate Student
Exoplanets, Planetary Atmospheres, Planetary Formation and Evolution, Theoretical Astrophysics
Lily Robinthal
PTYS Graduate Student
Astrobiology, Exoplanets, Planetary Astronomy, Planetary Atmospheres
Kayla Smith
PTYS Graduate Student
Astrobiology, Exoplanets, Planetary AtmospheresAnna Taylor
PTYS Graduate Student
Exoplanets, Planetary Atmospheres, Theoretical Astrophysics
Jingyu Wang
PTYS Graduate Student
Astrobiology, Exoplanets, Planetary Astronomy, Planetary Atmospheres
James Windsor
Postdoctoral Research Associate
Astrobiology, Exoplanets, Planetary Astronomy, Planetary Atmospheres
Lunar Studies
Lunar Studies
×Lunar research was one of the hallmarks of the Lunar and Planetary Laboratory in its first decade (the 1960s) as the United States prepared for the Apollo missions and LPL led the way in mapping possible landing sites. In the half-century since, the kinds of lunar research performed have changed, but the Moon is still an object of intense scrutiny. Our nearest neighbor in space lacks many of the processes occurring on the surface of Earth today, including the effects of wind, water and biology, so the rocks on its surface contain records of a much earlier era of Solar System history. On the other hand, because it lacks either an atmosphere or a strong internal magnetic field, its surface experiences effects that the Earth’s surface does not. Current LPL researchers study many different aspects of the Moon, including its composition, history, surface properties, magnetic field, interior structure, and even its tenuous atmosphere. Although the first studies were done with telescopes, we now have everything from the samples returned in the Apollo missions to modern spacecraft missions in orbit around the Moon. Read more about our history with lunar research.
Lunar Studies Faculty

Jeffrey Andrews-Hanna
Professor
Lunar Studies, Planetary Geophysics, Planetary Surfaces, Titan & Outer Solar System
Erik Asphaug
Professor
Lunar Studies, Planetary Analogs, Planetary Geophysics, Planetary Surfaces, Small Bodies, Theoretical Astrophysics, Titan & Outer Solar System
Jessica Barnes
Associate Professor
Cosmochemistry, Lunar Studies, Planetary Analogs
William Boynton
Professor Emeritus
Astrobiology, Cosmochemistry, Lunar Studies, Small Bodies
Veronica Bray
Associate Research Professor
Lunar Studies, Planetary Analogs, Planetary Surfaces
Lynn Carter
Associate Department Head, Professor, University Distinguished Scholar
Earth, Lunar Studies, Planetary Analogs, Planetary Geophysics, Planetary Surfaces, Titan & Outer Solar System
Christopher Hamilton
Associate Professor
Astrobiology, Earth, Lunar Studies, Photogrammetry, Planetary Analogs, Planetary Geophysics, Planetary Surfaces
Angela Marusiak
Assistant Research Professor
Lunar Studies, Planetary Analogs, Planetary Geophysics, Small Bodies, Titan & Outer Solar System
Isamu Matsuyama
Professor
Astrobiology, Exoplanets, Lunar Studies, Planetary Formation and Evolution, Planetary Geophysics, Theoretical Astrophysics, Titan & Outer Solar System
Alfred McEwen
Regents Professor
Astrobiology, Lunar Studies, Photogrammetry, Planetary Analogs, Planetary Geophysics, Planetary SurfacesTimothy Swindle
Professor Emeritus
Cosmochemistry, Lunar Studies, Small Bodies, Theoretical AstrophysicsLunar Studies Researchers

Brett Carr
Researcher/Scientist
Earth, Lunar Studies, Photogrammetry, Planetary Analogs, Planetary Surfaces
Rishi Chandra
PTYS Graduate Student
Earth, Lunar Studies, Planetary Analogs, Planetary Geophysics, Planetary Surfaces, Small Bodies
Sarah Sutton
Photogrammetry Program Lead, HiRISE, Researcher/Scientist
Earth, Lunar Studies, Photogrammetry, Planetary Analogs, Planetary Surfaces, Small BodiesLunar Studies Support Staff

Elana Alevy
Research Technician
Cosmochemistry, Lunar Studies
Orbital Dynamics
Orbital Dynamics
×Kepler's laws of planetary motion turn out to be far from the last word on planetary orbits. Orbits change over time, some changes are slow and periodic, others are chaotic and dramatic; these determine the architecture of planetary systems. In orbital dynamics research, we seek to discover the past and future of planetary systems - the diverse effects of gravity that shape where and how planets form and how their orbits evolve in time. We study the orbital evolution of planetary and satellite systems, and small bodies (asteroids and comets), as well as interplanetary dust, in the solar system and in exo-planetary systems. We seek discovery and understanding of the dynamical transport processes of planetary materials across vast distances in space and over geologically long times. We study how Earth's habitability is affected by its orbital history, and how orbital dynamics shapes extra-terrestrial environments.
Recent News
July 2020
-
Kathryn Volk is now the Chair of the AAS Division on Dynamical Astronomy
-
A new paper by Kathryn Volk (co-authored with Renu Malhotra) on the source of dynamical instability in multiplanet systems: "Dynamical instabilities in systems of multiple short-period planets are likely driven by secular chaos: a case study of Kepler-102" Volk & Malhotra 2020, AJ in press
-
Steward Observatory Graduate Student Rachel Smullen and Kathryn Volk had a paper accepted about using machine learning to dynamically classify Kuiper belt objects: "Machine Learning Classification of Kuiper Belt Populations" Smullen & Volk, MNRAS in press
June 2020
- A new paper by Prof Renu Malhotra describes the discovery of low eccentricity bridges between first order mean motion resonances: On the Divergence of First Order Resonance Widths at Low Eccentricities
- Graduate Student Nathaniel Hendler led this new paper on measuring the sizes of 199 protoplanetary disks: The Evolution of Dust Disk Sizes from a Homogeneous Analysis of 1-10 Myr old Stars
March 2020
- Regents Professor Renu Malhotra co-authored this paper on Search for L5 Earth Trojans with DECam, Markwardt et al., MNRAS, 492(4):6105-6119 (2020)
February 2020
- Graduate student Hamish Hay successfully defended his PhD Dissertation, “A Tale of Tides: icy satellites, subsurface oceans, and tightly-packed planetary systems”
- Graduate student Teddy Kareta led this paper on the new interstellar object 2I/Borisov Carbon Chain Depletion of 2I/Borisov
December 2019
- A new paper led by graduate student Teddy Kareta "Physical Characterization of the 2017 December Outburst of the Centaur 174P/Echeclus", (2019), Astronomical Journal, 158, 6.
- Regents Professor Renu Malhotra’s work featured in the Economist How the planets got their spots - The Economist, December 2019
November 2019
- Resonant Kuiper Belt Objects: a review, Geoscience Letters, 6:12 (2019). (a review paper by Regents Professor Renu Malhotra)
October 2019
- Kathryn Volk’s work featured in UA News Beyond Jupiter, Researchers Discovered a 'Cradle of Comets'
August 2019
- A new paper by visiting graduate student Lan Lei and Regents Professor Renu Malhotra Neptune's resonances in the Scattered Disk, CMDA, 131, article ID 39, 26 pp. (2019)
April 2019
- A new paper led by graduate student Hamish Hay Tides Between the TRAPPIST-1 Planets
March 2019
- LPL’s 2019 Kuiper Award goes to graduate student Hamish Hay!
February 2019
- Nonlinear tidal dissipation in the subsurface oceans of Enceladus and other icy satellites (a new paper led by Hamish Hay)
- The case for a deep search for Earth's Trojan asteroids, Nature Astronomy (18 February 2019). (A Comment by Regents Professor Renu Malhotra)
- Regents Professor Renu Malhotra quoted in PBS Nova article Battle scars on Pluto and Charon, PBS Nova, February 2019
December 2018
- Regents Professor Renu Malhotra’s work featured in the New York Times A Journey into the Solar System’s outer reaches, New York Times, December 2018
- Regents Professor Renu Malhotra’s work featured in Science magazine Did the ancient Sun go on a diet? Science, December 2018
November 2018
- A paper led by Teddy Kareta "Rotationally Resolved Spectroscopic Characterization of Near-Earth Object (3200) Phaethon", (2018)
September 2018
- A paper co-authored by graduate student Hamish Hay Ocean tidal heating in icy satellites with solid shells
June 2018
- Associate Professor of Practice Steve Kortenkamp’s Project POEM featured in the UA News UA Encourages Visually Impaired Teens in STEM - June 13, 2018
December 2017
- Nathaniel Hendler led this paper on the transition disc of T Chameleon A likely planet-induced gap in the disc around T Cha
Orbital Dynamics Faculty

Renu Malhotra
Louise Foucar Marshall Science Research Professor, Regents Professor
Astrobiology, Exoplanets, Orbital Dynamics, Planetary Formation and Evolution, Small Bodies, Theoretical AstrophysicsOrbital Dynamics Researchers

Robert Melikyan
PTYS Graduate Student
Orbital Dynamics, Small Bodies
Stephen Schwartz
DCC Associate Staff Scientist (Asphaug)
Orbital Dynamics, Planetary Astronomy, Planetary Surfaces, Small Bodies, Space Situational Awareness
Photogrammetry
Photogrammetry
×Topography derived from stereo images is an essential data type for exploring the surfaces of other planets and for understanding our own planet Earth. Acquiring stereo images from aerial, satellite, or small uncrewed aerial systems (aka drones) is now commonplace. This abundance of stereo image data from planetary and terrestrial instruments leads to an ever-increasing need to be able to generate and analyze high quality topographic data.
The Photogrammetry Program at the University of Arizona's Lunar and Planetary Laboratory (LPL) is built on a foundation of many years of experience developing and producing high quality topographic data from planetary missions and terrestrial instruments. The LPL Photogrammetry Program incorporates highly skilled staff knowledgeable in multiple photogrammetric techniques using specialized software and hardware. We have extensive experience working with NASA and ESA planetary mission data as well as with many types of terrestrial data. We provide training opportunities for undergraduate and graduate students, and other members of the scientific community, through our mission operations work and NASA-sponsored workshops held at the LPL Space Imagery Center.
Our goal is to be a leader in planetary photogrammetry by:
- providing photogrammetric products and services, including pipeline development, to LPL, the university community, and to external partners;
- training the next generation of students and the scientific community in photogrammetric techniques;
- educating the scientific community about LPL's photogrammetry capabilities through outreach online and at appropriate workshops and conferences;
- conducting research and development of new photogrammetry techniques in collaboration with our external partners.
Program Lead
Sarah Sutton
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Photogrammetry Faculty

Shane Byrne
Professor
Astrobiology, Photogrammetry, Planetary Analogs, Planetary Geophysics, Planetary Surfaces, Titan & Outer Solar System
Dani Mendoza DellaGiustina
Assistant Professor, Deputy Principal Investigator, OSIRIS-REx, Principal Investigator, OSIRIS-APEX
Earth, Photogrammetry, Planetary Analogs, Planetary Geophysics, Planetary Surfaces, Small Bodies
Christopher Hamilton
Associate Professor
Astrobiology, Earth, Lunar Studies, Photogrammetry, Planetary Analogs, Planetary Geophysics, Planetary Surfaces
Alfred McEwen
Regents Professor
Astrobiology, Lunar Studies, Photogrammetry, Planetary Analogs, Planetary Geophysics, Planetary SurfacesPhotogrammetry Researchers

Roberto Aguilar
PTYS Graduate Student
Photogrammetry, Planetary Surfaces
Brett Carr
Researcher/Scientist
Earth, Lunar Studies, Photogrammetry, Planetary Analogs, Planetary Surfaces
Matthew Chojnacki
DCC Associate Research (McEwen)
Photogrammetry, Planetary Surfaces, Small Bodies
Claire Cook
PTYS Graduate Student
Photogrammetry, Planetary Analogs, Planetary Geophysics, Planetary Surfaces, Titan & Outer Solar System
Kenneth Edmundson
DCC Associate Research (Lauretta)
Photogrammetry
Dathon Golish
Mission Instrument and Observation Scientist
Photogrammetry, Small Bodies
Rowan Huang
PTYS Graduate Student
Photogrammetry, Planetary Surfaces
Euibin Kim
PTYS Graduate Student
Photogrammetry, Planetary Formation and Evolution, Planetary Surfaces
Michael Phillips
Researcher/Scientist
Astrobiology, Photogrammetry, Planetary Analogs, Planetary Surfaces
Christina Singh
PTYS Graduate Student
Astrobiology, Photogrammetry, Planetary Analogs, Planetary Surfaces
Reed Spurling
Undergraduate PTYS Minor
Photogrammetry
Sarah Sutton
Photogrammetry Program Lead, HiRISE, Researcher/Scientist
Earth, Lunar Studies, Photogrammetry, Planetary Analogs, Planetary Surfaces, Small BodiesPhotogrammetry Support Staff

Kris Akers
Research Engineering Technician
Photogrammetry
Kris Becker
Senior Data Analyst, OSIRIS-REx
Photogrammetry
Audrie Fennema
Engineer, Satellite Payload Operations, HiRISE
Photogrammetry
Jason Perry
Staff Technician, HiRISE
Photogrammetry
Planetary Analogs
Planetary Analogs
×
Hamilton Research Group
Dr. Hamilton's Research Group investigates a range of geologic surface processes to better understand the history of terrestrial bodies in the Solar System. These processes include volcanic, tectonic, glacial, fluvial, aeolian, and impact cratering activity, which we explore through a combination of field-based observations, remote sensing, geophysical modeling, and machine learning.

Seismometer to Investigate Ice and Ocean Structure (SIIOS)
The icy moons of Europa and Enceladus are thought to have subsurface oceans in contact with mineral-rich interiors, likely providing the ingredients needed for life as we know it. Their crustal thickness and structure is therefore one of the most important and controversial topics in astrobiology. In a future lander-based spacecraft investigation, seismic measurements will be a key geophysical tool for obtaining this critical knowledge. The Seismometer to Investigate Ice and Ocean Structure (SIIOS) field-tests flight-ready technologies and develops the analytical methods necessary to make a seismic study of Europa and Enceladus a reality.

Rover–Aerial Vehicle Exploration Network (RAVEN)
A team of scientists led by LPL’s Christopher Hamilton, an associate professor, are gearing up to send drones on exploration missions across a vast lava field in Iceland to test a next-generation Mars exploration concept. Hamilton is the principal investigator on a project that has been awarded a $3.1 million NASA grant to develop a new concept combining rovers and unmanned aerial systems, commonly known as drones, to explore regions of the red planet that have been previously inaccessible.

Terrestrial And Planetary Investigations and Reconnaissance (TAPIR)
TAPIR research themes include debris-covered glaciers, terrestrial glaciers and ice sheets, Mars polar studies, and geophysical instrumentation techniques.
Planetary Analogs Faculty

Erik Asphaug
Professor
Lunar Studies, Planetary Analogs, Planetary Geophysics, Planetary Surfaces, Small Bodies, Theoretical Astrophysics, Titan & Outer Solar System
Jessica Barnes
Associate Professor
Cosmochemistry, Lunar Studies, Planetary Analogs
Veronica Bray
Associate Research Professor
Lunar Studies, Planetary Analogs, Planetary Surfaces
Shane Byrne
Professor
Astrobiology, Photogrammetry, Planetary Analogs, Planetary Geophysics, Planetary Surfaces, Titan & Outer Solar System
Lynn Carter
Associate Department Head, Professor, University Distinguished Scholar
Earth, Lunar Studies, Planetary Analogs, Planetary Geophysics, Planetary Surfaces, Titan & Outer Solar System
Dani Mendoza DellaGiustina
Assistant Professor, Deputy Principal Investigator, OSIRIS-REx, Principal Investigator, OSIRIS-APEX
Earth, Photogrammetry, Planetary Analogs, Planetary Geophysics, Planetary Surfaces, Small Bodies
Virginia Gulick
Research Professor
Astrobiology, Planetary Analogs, Planetary Surfaces
Christopher Hamilton
Associate Professor
Astrobiology, Earth, Lunar Studies, Photogrammetry, Planetary Analogs, Planetary Geophysics, Planetary Surfaces
Jack Holt
Professor, EDO Director
Earth, Planetary Analogs, Planetary Geophysics, Planetary Surfaces
Angela Marusiak
Assistant Research Professor
Lunar Studies, Planetary Analogs, Planetary Geophysics, Small Bodies, Titan & Outer Solar System
Alfred McEwen
Regents Professor
Astrobiology, Lunar Studies, Photogrammetry, Planetary Analogs, Planetary Geophysics, Planetary Surfaces
Stefano Nerozzi
Assistant Research Professor
Earth, Planetary Analogs, Planetary Geophysics, Planetary SurfacesPlanetary Analogs Researchers

Brett Carr
Researcher/Scientist
Earth, Lunar Studies, Photogrammetry, Planetary Analogs, Planetary Surfaces
Rishi Chandra
PTYS Graduate Student
Earth, Lunar Studies, Planetary Analogs, Planetary Geophysics, Planetary Surfaces, Small Bodies
Claire Cook
PTYS Graduate Student
Photogrammetry, Planetary Analogs, Planetary Geophysics, Planetary Surfaces, Titan & Outer Solar System
Samuel Crossley
Researcher/Scientist
Cosmochemistry, Planetary Analogs, Planetary Formation and Evolution, Small Bodies
Nathan Hadland
PTYS Graduate Student
Astrobiology, Earth, Planetary Analogs, Planetary Surfaces
Samantha Moruzzi
PTYS Graduate Student
Planetary Analogs, Planetary Geophysics, Planetary Surfaces, Titan & Outer Solar System
Michael Phillips
Researcher/Scientist
Astrobiology, Photogrammetry, Planetary Analogs, Planetary Surfaces
Christina Singh
PTYS Graduate Student
Astrobiology, Photogrammetry, Planetary Analogs, Planetary Surfaces
Sarah Sutton
Photogrammetry Program Lead, HiRISE, Researcher/Scientist
Earth, Lunar Studies, Photogrammetry, Planetary Analogs, Planetary Surfaces, Small Bodies
Wesley Tucker
Postdoctoral Research Associate
Planetary Analogs, Planetary Geophysics, Planetary Surfaces, Titan & Outer Solar System
Planetary Astronomy
Planetary Astronomy
×The planets of the solar system, along with their satellite systems, are our only accessible example of the end state of planetary system development. Observational study of these worlds provides us insight into how systems of planets form, the role of migration, bombardment and stellar interaction in their evolution, and the range of potential sites of habitability. Planetary astronomy at LPL targets planets on multiple levels ranging from observations of surface features and composition, through the dynamic and chemical processes in their atmospheres, and ultimately to the interface of their magnetic and atmospheric interaction with the solar wind. These measurements are obtained from a combination of in situ robotic probes, a global network of ground and space-based observatories, and customized instrumentation developed by LPL scientists and engineers. The results are then interpreted in coordination with local laboratory based and theoretical facilities to improve our understanding of the solar neighborhood.
Planetary Astronomy Faculty

Gilda Ballester
Research Professor (Retired)
Exoplanets, Planetary Astronomy, Planetary Atmospheres
Caitlin Griffith
Professor Emeritus
Astrobiology, Exoplanets, Planetary Astronomy, Planetary Atmospheres, Planetary Formation and Evolution, Planetary Surfaces, Titan & Outer Solar System
Pierre Haenecour
Assistant Professor
Astrobiology, Cosmochemistry, Planetary Astronomy, Small Bodies
Walter Harris
Professor
Planetary Astronomy, Planetary Atmospheres, Small Bodies, Solar and Heliospheric Research
Robert (Bob) McMillan
Research Professor (Retired)
Asteroid Surveys, Planetary Astronomy, Small Bodies
Ilaria Pascucci
Professor
Astrobiology, Exoplanets, Planetary Astronomy, Planetary Formation and Evolution
Vishnu Reddy
Professor
Cosmochemistry, Planetary Astronomy, Planetary Surfaces, Small Bodies, Space Situational Awareness
George Rieke
Regents Professor
Planetary AstronomyPlanetary Astronomy Researchers

Arin Avsar
PTYS Graduate Student
Exoplanets, Planetary Astronomy, Planetary Formation and Evolution
Jason Corliss
Research Scientist/Senior Staff Scientist
Planetary Astronomy, Planetary Atmospheres, Small Bodies, Solar and Heliospheric Research
Erich Karkoschka
Research Scientist/Senior Staff Scientist
Planetary Astronomy, Planetary Atmospheres, Planetary Surfaces, Titan & Outer Solar System
Lily Robinthal
PTYS Graduate Student
Astrobiology, Exoplanets, Planetary Astronomy, Planetary Atmospheres
Stephen Schwartz
DCC Associate Staff Scientist (Asphaug)
Orbital Dynamics, Planetary Astronomy, Planetary Surfaces, Small Bodies, Space Situational Awareness
Jingyu Wang
PTYS Graduate Student
Astrobiology, Exoplanets, Planetary Astronomy, Planetary Atmospheres
James Windsor
Postdoctoral Research Associate
Astrobiology, Exoplanets, Planetary Astronomy, Planetary Atmospheres
Planetary Atmospheres
Planetary Atmospheres
×The Lunar and Planetary Laboratory has a strong background in the study of planetary and satellite atmospheres. Since the pioneering days of Gerard Kuiper, atmospheres have been an integral part of the research program at LPL. Faculty and staff have been involved in most major space missions that have targeted planetary and satellite atmospheres in the solar system. They have served in leadership roles and participated in instrument development, management as well as the analysis and interpretation of the science results. While prior research focused on the solar system, the department is now also actively involved in the study of extrasolar planet atmospheres. LPL scientists benefit from knowledge gained over decades of detailed solar system studies and apply it to explain new discoveries on extrasolar planets.
Current research into planetary and satellite atmospheres at LPL includes many aspects of solar system and extrasolar planets. LPL scientists are analyzing data and developing models to characterize the atmospheres of Venus, Earth and Mars in the inner solar system. They are involved in research and missions dedicated to the study of the giant planet, satellite and dwarf planet atmospheres in the outer solar system. Beyond the solar system, there is a vibrant effort to observe and model the atmospheres of extrasolar planets. This includes spectroscopic studies and models of extrasolar giant planets as well as efforts to define and constrain the habitability of rocky planet atmospheres for future studies. The goal of these research endeavors is to address fundamental questions about the nature, evolution and habitability of planetary and satellite atmospheres.
Planetary Atmospheres Faculty

Dániel Apai
Interim Associate Dean for Research, College of Science, Principal Investigator, Alien Earths, Professor
Astrobiology, Exoplanets, Planetary Atmospheres, Planetary Formation and Evolution
Gilda Ballester
Research Professor (Retired)
Exoplanets, Planetary Astronomy, Planetary Atmospheres
Caitlin Griffith
Professor Emeritus
Astrobiology, Exoplanets, Planetary Astronomy, Planetary Atmospheres, Planetary Formation and Evolution, Planetary Surfaces, Titan & Outer Solar System
Walter Harris
Professor
Planetary Astronomy, Planetary Atmospheres, Small Bodies, Solar and Heliospheric Research
William Hubbard
Professor Emeritus
Exoplanets, Planetary Atmospheres, Planetary Formation and Evolution, Theoretical Astrophysics, Titan & Outer Solar System
Tommi Koskinen
Associate Department Head, Associate Professor
Exoplanets, Planetary Atmospheres, Planetary Formation and Evolution, Titan & Outer Solar System
Sukrit Ranjan
Assistant Professor
Astrobiology, Earth, Exoplanets, Planetary Atmospheres, Planetary Formation and Evolution, Theoretical Astrophysics
Roger Yelle
Professor
Astrobiology, Exoplanets, Planetary Atmospheres, Titan & Outer Solar SystemPlanetary Atmospheres Researchers

Rahul Arora
PTYS Graduate Student
Exoplanets, Planetary Atmospheres
Naman Bajaj
PTYS Graduate Student
Exoplanets, Planetary Atmospheres, Planetary Formation and Evolution
Galen Bergsten
PTYS Graduate Student
Astrobiology, Exoplanets, Planetary Atmospheres, Planetary Formation and Evolution
Zarah Brown
Postdoctoral Research Associate
Planetary Atmospheres, Planetary Formation and Evolution
Jason Corliss
Research Scientist/Senior Staff Scientist
Planetary Astronomy, Planetary Atmospheres, Small Bodies, Solar and Heliospheric Research
Searra Foote
PTYS Graduate Student
Astrobiology, Exoplanets, Planetary Atmospheres
Joanna Hardesty
PTYS Graduate Student
Exoplanets, Planetary Atmospheres, Planetary Formation and Evolution
Lori Huseby
PTYS Graduate Student
Exoplanets, Planetary Atmospheres
Erich Karkoschka
Research Scientist/Senior Staff Scientist
Planetary Astronomy, Planetary Atmospheres, Planetary Surfaces, Titan & Outer Solar System
Chaucer Langbert
PTYS Graduate Student
Exoplanets, Planetary Atmospheres
Thea McKenna
PTYS Graduate Student
Planetary Atmospheres, Planetary SurfacesCole Meyer
PTYS Graduate Student
Planetary Atmospheres, Planetary Surfaces, Solar and Heliospheric Research
Fuda Nguyen
PTYS Graduate Student
Exoplanets, Planetary Atmospheres, Planetary Formation and Evolution, Theoretical Astrophysics
Tyler Reese
PTYS Graduate Student
Planetary Atmospheres, Solar and Heliospheric Research
Bashar Rizk
Research Scientist/Senior Staff Scientist, OSIRIS-REx/OCAMS
Asteroid Surveys, Planetary Atmospheres
Lily Robinthal
PTYS Graduate Student
Astrobiology, Exoplanets, Planetary Astronomy, Planetary Atmospheres
Kayla Smith
PTYS Graduate Student
Astrobiology, Exoplanets, Planetary AtmospheresAnna Taylor
PTYS Graduate Student
Exoplanets, Planetary Atmospheres, Theoretical Astrophysics
Jingyu Wang
PTYS Graduate Student
Astrobiology, Exoplanets, Planetary Astronomy, Planetary Atmospheres
James Windsor
Postdoctoral Research Associate
Astrobiology, Exoplanets, Planetary Astronomy, Planetary Atmospheres
Chengyan Xie
PTYS Graduate Student
Planetary Atmospheres, Planetary Formation and Evolution
Planetary Formation and Evolution
Planetary Formation and Evolution
×Exoplanet discoveries made in the past decade have revealed that planetary systems are ubiquitous in the Universe and far more diverse than predicted by theoretical models that could reproduce the properties of our own Solar System. At LPL, our research efforts include studying the environments where planets form, the gaseous and dusty disks around young stars. Additionally, we engage in theoretical explorations to better comprehend the process of planetary formation and evolution under different initial conditions. Through the integration of observational data from disks and exoplanets with theoretical models, LPL scientists aim at developing a comprehensive and predictive theory of how planets are formed and how they evolve over time.
Planetary Formation and Evolution Faculty

Dániel Apai
Interim Associate Dean for Research, College of Science, Principal Investigator, Alien Earths, Professor
Astrobiology, Exoplanets, Planetary Atmospheres, Planetary Formation and Evolution
Caitlin Griffith
Professor Emeritus
Astrobiology, Exoplanets, Planetary Astronomy, Planetary Atmospheres, Planetary Formation and Evolution, Planetary Surfaces, Titan & Outer Solar System
William Hubbard
Professor Emeritus
Exoplanets, Planetary Atmospheres, Planetary Formation and Evolution, Theoretical Astrophysics, Titan & Outer Solar System
Tommi Koskinen
Associate Department Head, Associate Professor
Exoplanets, Planetary Atmospheres, Planetary Formation and Evolution, Titan & Outer Solar System
Renu Malhotra
Louise Foucar Marshall Science Research Professor, Regents Professor
Astrobiology, Exoplanets, Orbital Dynamics, Planetary Formation and Evolution, Small Bodies, Theoretical Astrophysics
Isamu Matsuyama
Professor
Astrobiology, Exoplanets, Lunar Studies, Planetary Formation and Evolution, Planetary Geophysics, Theoretical Astrophysics, Titan & Outer Solar System
Ilaria Pascucci
Professor
Astrobiology, Exoplanets, Planetary Astronomy, Planetary Formation and Evolution
Sukrit Ranjan
Assistant Professor
Astrobiology, Earth, Exoplanets, Planetary Atmospheres, Planetary Formation and Evolution, Theoretical AstrophysicsPlanetary Formation and Evolution Researchers

Arin Avsar
PTYS Graduate Student
Exoplanets, Planetary Astronomy, Planetary Formation and Evolution
Naman Bajaj
PTYS Graduate Student
Exoplanets, Planetary Atmospheres, Planetary Formation and Evolution
Galen Bergsten
PTYS Graduate Student
Astrobiology, Exoplanets, Planetary Atmospheres, Planetary Formation and Evolution
Zarah Brown
Postdoctoral Research Associate
Planetary Atmospheres, Planetary Formation and Evolution
Samuel Crossley
Researcher/Scientist
Cosmochemistry, Planetary Analogs, Planetary Formation and Evolution, Small Bodies
Dingshan Deng
PTYS Graduate Student
Astrobiology, Exoplanets, Planetary Formation and Evolution
Kiki Gonglewski
PTYS Graduate Student
Astrobiology, Exoplanets, Planetary Formation and Evolution
Joanna Hardesty
PTYS Graduate Student
Exoplanets, Planetary Atmospheres, Planetary Formation and Evolution
Euibin Kim
PTYS Graduate Student
Photogrammetry, Planetary Formation and Evolution, Planetary Surfaces
Feng Long
Postdoctoral Research Associate, Sagan Fellow
Planetary Formation and Evolution, Theoretical Astrophysics
Fuda Nguyen
PTYS Graduate Student
Exoplanets, Planetary Atmospheres, Planetary Formation and Evolution, Theoretical Astrophysics
Peter Stephenson
Postdoctoral Research Associate
Planetary Formation and EvolutionRobin Van Auken
PTYS Graduate Student
Planetary Formation and Evolution, Planetary Surfaces
Chengyan Xie
PTYS Graduate Student
Planetary Atmospheres, Planetary Formation and Evolution
Planetary Geophysics
Planetary Geophysics
×At LPL, we use planetary geophysics to study the interior structure and dynamics of solid planetary bodies. Geophysical data provides a means to see beneath the surfaces of the planets. Radar data is used to peer through the clouds of Venus and Titan, to measure the surface topography of Venus and Titan, and to probe the interiors of glaciers and lava flows on Mars. Laser altimeters have measured the surface topography of Mars and the Moon with incredible precision. Gravity data illuminates the structure of the crust and mantle of the Moon, Mars, Venus, and Mercury. Magnetic data reveals the presence of ancient dynamos in the cores of the Moon and Mars and an active dynamo on Mercury. The global shapes and gravity fields of the planets and how they deform in response to rotation and tides reveal the deep interior structure all the way down to the core.
Geophysical models provide a means to study the processes operating at and below the surfaces of the planets, both today and in the past. Models of the flow of water through surface and ground water, and as ice through glaciers inform our understanding of the past hydrology and climate of Mars, while models of methane flow on Titan help us understand its active hydrocarbon hydrology. Models of volcanic and tectonic processes and the response of the lithosphere reveal details of the crustal evolution of the terrestrial planets and other solid-surface bodies. Models of impacts show the dynamics of cosmic collisions ranging from small crater-forming impacts to the Moon-forming impact. Models of the rotational and tidal deformation of planets and satellites help constrain their internal structure and thermal evolution. Together, geophysical data and models provide the keys to unlocking the past evolution and present-day structure of the planets.

Terrestrial And Planetary Investigations and Reconnaissance (TAPIR)
TAPIR research themes include debris-covered glaciers, terrestrial glaciers and ice sheets, Mars polar studies, and geophysical instrumentation techniques.
Planetary Geophysics Faculty

Jeffrey Andrews-Hanna
Professor
Lunar Studies, Planetary Geophysics, Planetary Surfaces, Titan & Outer Solar System
Erik Asphaug
Professor
Lunar Studies, Planetary Analogs, Planetary Geophysics, Planetary Surfaces, Small Bodies, Theoretical Astrophysics, Titan & Outer Solar System
Shane Byrne
Professor
Astrobiology, Photogrammetry, Planetary Analogs, Planetary Geophysics, Planetary Surfaces, Titan & Outer Solar System
Lynn Carter
Associate Department Head, Professor, University Distinguished Scholar
Earth, Lunar Studies, Planetary Analogs, Planetary Geophysics, Planetary Surfaces, Titan & Outer Solar System
Dani Mendoza DellaGiustina
Assistant Professor, Deputy Principal Investigator, OSIRIS-REx, Principal Investigator, OSIRIS-APEX
Earth, Photogrammetry, Planetary Analogs, Planetary Geophysics, Planetary Surfaces, Small Bodies
Christopher Hamilton
Associate Professor
Astrobiology, Earth, Lunar Studies, Photogrammetry, Planetary Analogs, Planetary Geophysics, Planetary Surfaces
Jack Holt
Professor, EDO Director
Earth, Planetary Analogs, Planetary Geophysics, Planetary Surfaces
Lon Hood
Research Professor
Earth, Planetary Geophysics
Angela Marusiak
Assistant Research Professor
Lunar Studies, Planetary Analogs, Planetary Geophysics, Small Bodies, Titan & Outer Solar System
Isamu Matsuyama
Professor
Astrobiology, Exoplanets, Lunar Studies, Planetary Formation and Evolution, Planetary Geophysics, Theoretical Astrophysics, Titan & Outer Solar System
Alfred McEwen
Regents Professor
Astrobiology, Lunar Studies, Photogrammetry, Planetary Analogs, Planetary Geophysics, Planetary Surfaces
Stefano Nerozzi
Assistant Research Professor
Earth, Planetary Analogs, Planetary Geophysics, Planetary SurfacesPlanetary Geophysics Researchers

Namya Baijal
PTYS Graduate Student
Planetary Geophysics, Planetary Surfaces, Small Bodies
Rishi Chandra
PTYS Graduate Student
Earth, Lunar Studies, Planetary Analogs, Planetary Geophysics, Planetary Surfaces, Small Bodies
Claire Cook
PTYS Graduate Student
Photogrammetry, Planetary Analogs, Planetary Geophysics, Planetary Surfaces, Titan & Outer Solar System
Ruby Fulford
PTYS Graduate Student
Astrobiology, Planetary Geophysics, Planetary Surfaces, Small Bodies, Titan & Outer Solar System
Samantha Moruzzi
PTYS Graduate Student
Planetary Analogs, Planetary Geophysics, Planetary Surfaces, Titan & Outer Solar System
Wesley Tucker
Postdoctoral Research Associate
Planetary Analogs, Planetary Geophysics, Planetary Surfaces, Titan & Outer Solar System
Planetary Surfaces
Planetary Surfaces
×Planetary surfaces are influenced by their interior processes (e.g. volcanoes), exterior effects (e.g. impact cratering) and their atmospheres (e.g. wind and rain) and so can be incredibly informative when it comes to figuring out a planet’s history. The decade from the mid-1960s to mid-1970s saw the exploration of much of the inner solar system with the photography of surfaces of the Moon (including its unseen far-side), Mercury and Mars. LPL’s previous work on telescopic mapping of the lunar surface had left it well prepared to play leading roles in most of these missions and the interpretation of the data they returned. In the following decades, LPL continued contributing to the study of planetary surfaces around the solar system with cameras aboard the Mars Pathfinder mission, the Huygens lander on Saturn’s moon Titan and the operation of the Phoenix lander on Mars. The study of these surfaces has also grown in sophistication and now includes analysis of surface composition from remote spacecraft as well as analysis of returned samples here in the laboratory.
Today at Mars, LPL is operating the HiRISE camera aboard Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter, which takes higher resolution images than any camera to fly on a planetary mission. LPL was home to the VIMS instrument on the Cassini spacecraft, which took images in hundreds of different colors to allow the composition of the target to be determined. LPL faculty also have ongoing involvement in numerous other instruments and missions investigating planetary surfaces.
Planetary Surfaces Group Meetings

Terrestrial And Planetary Investigations and Reconnaissance (TAPIR)
TAPIR research themes include debris-covered glaciers, terrestrial glaciers and ice sheets, Mars polar studies, and geophysical instrumentation techniques.
Planetary Surfaces Faculty

Jeffrey Andrews-Hanna
Professor
Lunar Studies, Planetary Geophysics, Planetary Surfaces, Titan & Outer Solar System
Erik Asphaug
Professor
Lunar Studies, Planetary Analogs, Planetary Geophysics, Planetary Surfaces, Small Bodies, Theoretical Astrophysics, Titan & Outer Solar System
Veronica Bray
Associate Research Professor
Lunar Studies, Planetary Analogs, Planetary Surfaces
Shane Byrne
Professor
Astrobiology, Photogrammetry, Planetary Analogs, Planetary Geophysics, Planetary Surfaces, Titan & Outer Solar System
Lynn Carter
Associate Department Head, Professor, University Distinguished Scholar
Earth, Lunar Studies, Planetary Analogs, Planetary Geophysics, Planetary Surfaces, Titan & Outer Solar System
Dani Mendoza DellaGiustina
Assistant Professor, Deputy Principal Investigator, OSIRIS-REx, Principal Investigator, OSIRIS-APEX
Earth, Photogrammetry, Planetary Analogs, Planetary Geophysics, Planetary Surfaces, Small Bodies
Caitlin Griffith
Professor Emeritus
Astrobiology, Exoplanets, Planetary Astronomy, Planetary Atmospheres, Planetary Formation and Evolution, Planetary Surfaces, Titan & Outer Solar System
Virginia Gulick
Research Professor
Astrobiology, Planetary Analogs, Planetary Surfaces
Christopher Hamilton
Associate Professor
Astrobiology, Earth, Lunar Studies, Photogrammetry, Planetary Analogs, Planetary Geophysics, Planetary Surfaces
Jack Holt
Professor, EDO Director
Earth, Planetary Analogs, Planetary Geophysics, Planetary Surfaces
Alfred McEwen
Regents Professor
Astrobiology, Lunar Studies, Photogrammetry, Planetary Analogs, Planetary Geophysics, Planetary Surfaces
Stefano Nerozzi
Assistant Research Professor
Earth, Planetary Analogs, Planetary Geophysics, Planetary Surfaces
Vishnu Reddy
Professor
Cosmochemistry, Planetary Astronomy, Planetary Surfaces, Small Bodies, Space Situational AwarenessPlanetary Surfaces Researchers

Roberto Aguilar
PTYS Graduate Student
Photogrammetry, Planetary Surfaces
Namya Baijal
PTYS Graduate Student
Planetary Geophysics, Planetary Surfaces, Small Bodies
Brett Carr
Researcher/Scientist
Earth, Lunar Studies, Photogrammetry, Planetary Analogs, Planetary Surfaces
Rishi Chandra
PTYS Graduate Student
Earth, Lunar Studies, Planetary Analogs, Planetary Geophysics, Planetary Surfaces, Small Bodies
Matthew Chojnacki
DCC Associate Research (McEwen)
Photogrammetry, Planetary Surfaces, Small Bodies
Claire Cook
PTYS Graduate Student
Photogrammetry, Planetary Analogs, Planetary Geophysics, Planetary Surfaces, Titan & Outer Solar System
Michael Daniel
PTYS Graduate Student
Earth, Planetary Surfaces
Ruby Fulford
PTYS Graduate Student
Astrobiology, Planetary Geophysics, Planetary Surfaces, Small Bodies, Titan & Outer Solar System
Gabriel Gowman
PTYS Graduate Student
Planetary Surfaces
Nathan Hadland
PTYS Graduate Student
Astrobiology, Earth, Planetary Analogs, Planetary Surfaces
Orion Hon
PTYS Graduate Student
Planetary Surfaces
Rowan Huang
PTYS Graduate Student
Photogrammetry, Planetary Surfaces
Rocio Jacobo Bojorquez
PTYS Graduate Student
Planetary Surfaces
Erich Karkoschka
Research Scientist/Senior Staff Scientist
Planetary Astronomy, Planetary Atmospheres, Planetary Surfaces, Titan & Outer Solar System
Euibin Kim
PTYS Graduate Student
Photogrammetry, Planetary Formation and Evolution, Planetary Surfaces
Kiana McFadden
PTYS Graduate Student
Planetary Surfaces, Small Bodies
Thea McKenna
PTYS Graduate Student
Planetary Atmospheres, Planetary SurfacesCole Meyer
PTYS Graduate Student
Planetary Atmospheres, Planetary Surfaces, Solar and Heliospheric Research
Samantha Moruzzi
PTYS Graduate Student
Planetary Analogs, Planetary Geophysics, Planetary Surfaces, Titan & Outer Solar System
Michael Phillips
Researcher/Scientist
Astrobiology, Photogrammetry, Planetary Analogs, Planetary SurfacesAndrew Ryan
Researcher/Scientist, OSIRIS-REx
Planetary Surfaces
Stephen Schwartz
DCC Associate Staff Scientist (Asphaug)
Orbital Dynamics, Planetary Astronomy, Planetary Surfaces, Small Bodies, Space Situational Awareness
Christina Singh
PTYS Graduate Student
Astrobiology, Photogrammetry, Planetary Analogs, Planetary Surfaces
Sarah Sutton
Photogrammetry Program Lead, HiRISE, Researcher/Scientist
Earth, Lunar Studies, Photogrammetry, Planetary Analogs, Planetary Surfaces, Small Bodies
Wesley Tucker
Postdoctoral Research Associate
Planetary Analogs, Planetary Geophysics, Planetary Surfaces, Titan & Outer Solar SystemRobin Van Auken
PTYS Graduate Student
Planetary Formation and Evolution, Planetary SurfacesPlanetary Surfaces Support Staff

Singleton Papendick
Science Operations Engineer, HiRISE
Earth, Planetary Surfaces
Small Bodies
Small Bodies
×LPL has long been a leader in researching the small bodies of the solar system. Active research includes:
- Two world-renowned groundbased asteroid survey programs: SPACEWATCH®, directed by Dr. Melissa Brucker, claims a number of firsts in hunting for small bodies, many related to being the first to use CCD-scanning routinely; and Catalina Sky Survey, under the direction of Carson Fuls, has led the world in asteroid discoveries each year since 2005.
- The first American asteroid sample-return mission. OSIRIS-REx, with Professor Dante Lauretta as the Principal Investigator, was launched in 2016, arrived at asteroid Bennu in 2018, began its return to Earth in 2021, and is on track for Fall 2023 delivery.
- The OSIRIS-APEX mission, led by Assistant Professor Dani DellaGiustina, will reprise the discoveries of the OSIRIS-REx spacecraft at a second asteroid, Apophis.
- Several groups active in meteorite research, led by professors Jessica Barnes, Pierre Haenecour, Dante Lauretta, and Tom Zega.
- Research into the orbital evolution of the main asteroid belt and the Kuiper Belt, led by Regents Professor Renu Malhotra.
- LPL also has a long history of comet research, which continues with new and ongoing studies by Professor Walter Harris and Professor Emeritus Uwe Fink.




Small Bodies Faculty

Erik Asphaug
Professor
Lunar Studies, Planetary Analogs, Planetary Geophysics, Planetary Surfaces, Small Bodies, Theoretical Astrophysics, Titan & Outer Solar System
William Boynton
Professor Emeritus
Astrobiology, Cosmochemistry, Lunar Studies, Small Bodies
Dani Mendoza DellaGiustina
Assistant Professor, Deputy Principal Investigator, OSIRIS-REx, Principal Investigator, OSIRIS-APEX
Earth, Photogrammetry, Planetary Analogs, Planetary Geophysics, Planetary Surfaces, Small Bodies
Uwe Fink
Professor Emeritus
Small Bodies
Pierre Haenecour
Assistant Professor
Astrobiology, Cosmochemistry, Planetary Astronomy, Small Bodies
Walter Harris
Professor
Planetary Astronomy, Planetary Atmospheres, Small Bodies, Solar and Heliospheric Research
Ellen Howell
Research Professor
Small Bodies
Dante Lauretta
Director, Arizona Astrobiology Center, Principal Investigator, OSIRIS-REx, Regents Professor
Astrobiology, Cosmochemistry, Small Bodies
Renu Malhotra
Louise Foucar Marshall Science Research Professor, Regents Professor
Astrobiology, Exoplanets, Orbital Dynamics, Planetary Formation and Evolution, Small Bodies, Theoretical Astrophysics
Angela Marusiak
Assistant Research Professor
Lunar Studies, Planetary Analogs, Planetary Geophysics, Small Bodies, Titan & Outer Solar System
Robert (Bob) McMillan
Research Professor (Retired)
Asteroid Surveys, Planetary Astronomy, Small Bodies
Michael Nolan
Deputy Principal Investigator, OSIRIS-APEX, Research Professor
Small Bodies
Vishnu Reddy
Professor
Cosmochemistry, Planetary Astronomy, Planetary Surfaces, Small Bodies, Space Situational AwarenessTimothy Swindle
Professor Emeritus
Cosmochemistry, Lunar Studies, Small Bodies, Theoretical Astrophysics
Tom Zega
Professor
Astrobiology, Cosmochemistry, Small BodiesSmall Bodies Researchers

Namya Baijal
PTYS Graduate Student
Planetary Geophysics, Planetary Surfaces, Small Bodies
Adam Battle
R&D Software Engineer, SPACE 4 Center
Asteroid Surveys, Small Bodies, Space Situational Awareness
Jacob Bernal
DCC Postdoctoral Research Associate (Zega), NSF Postdoctoral Fellow
Astrobiology, Cosmochemistry, Small Bodies
Melissa Brucker
Principal Investigator, Spacewatch, Research Scientist
Asteroid Surveys, Small Bodies
David Cantillo
PTYS Graduate Student
Astrobiology, Small Bodies, Space Situational Awareness
Rishi Chandra
PTYS Graduate Student
Earth, Lunar Studies, Planetary Analogs, Planetary Geophysics, Planetary Surfaces, Small Bodies
Laura Chaves
Postdoctoral Research Associate
Cosmochemistry, Small Bodies
Matthew Chojnacki
DCC Associate Research (McEwen)
Photogrammetry, Planetary Surfaces, Small Bodies
Jason Corliss
Research Scientist/Senior Staff Scientist
Planetary Astronomy, Planetary Atmospheres, Small Bodies, Solar and Heliospheric Research
Samuel Crossley
Researcher/Scientist
Cosmochemistry, Planetary Analogs, Planetary Formation and Evolution, Small Bodies
Ruby Fulford
PTYS Graduate Student
Astrobiology, Planetary Geophysics, Planetary Surfaces, Small Bodies, Titan & Outer Solar SystemCarson Fuls
Director, Catalina Sky Survey, PTYS Graduate Student
Asteroid Surveys, Small Bodies
Dathon Golish
Mission Instrument and Observation Scientist
Photogrammetry, Small BodiesDevin Hoover
PTYS Graduate Student
Small Bodies
Kana Ishimaru
PTYS Graduate Student
Cosmochemistry, Small Bodies
Steve Larson
Research Scientist/Senior Staff Scientist
Asteroid Surveys, Small Bodies
Cassandra Lejoly
Research Scientist/Observer, Spacewatch
Small Bodies
Kiana McFadden
PTYS Graduate Student
Planetary Surfaces, Small Bodies
Robert Melikyan
PTYS Graduate Student
Orbital Dynamics, Small Bodies
Samuel Myers
PTYS Graduate Student
Small Bodies
Stephen Schwartz
DCC Associate Staff Scientist (Asphaug)
Orbital Dynamics, Planetary Astronomy, Planetary Surfaces, Small Bodies, Space Situational Awareness
Sarah Sutton
Photogrammetry Program Lead, HiRISE, Researcher/Scientist
Earth, Lunar Studies, Photogrammetry, Planetary Analogs, Planetary Surfaces, Small BodiesSmall Bodies Support Staff

Dolores Hill
Research Specialist, Senior
Cosmochemistry, Small Bodies
Solar & Heliospheric
Solar and Heliospheric Research
×
Solar and Heliospheric Research Group
The Lunar and Planetary Laboratory has had a long history studying the Sun’s atmosphere and magnetic field as it moves outward at supersonic speeds throughout the solar system until it encounters the local interstellar medium. The region of the interstellar space near the Sun that is ‘carved out’ by the solar wind is known as the Heliosphere. Current LPL researchers study many different aspects of the Heliosphere, including how it affects the transport of galactic cosmic rays within the solar system, as well as the acceleration and transport of high-energy solar particles, both of which comprise the space radiation environment. LPL researchers have had significant involvement in the Voyager spacecraft missions which are currently exploring the boundaries of the Heliosphere, as well as involvement with other spacecraft missions aimed at studying the Sun and solar wind, such as the Advanced Composition Explorer and Ulysses, and also in the "mission to touch the Sun," Parker Solar Probe.
Solar & Heliospheric Faculty

Joe Giacalone
Professor
Solar and Heliospheric Research, Theoretical Astrophysics
Walter Harris
Professor
Planetary Astronomy, Planetary Atmospheres, Small Bodies, Solar and Heliospheric Research
Kristopher Klein
Associate Professor
Solar and Heliospheric Research, Theoretical Astrophysics
Jozsef Kota
Senior Research Scientist (Retired)
Solar and Heliospheric Research, Theoretical AstrophysicsSolar & Heliospheric Researchers

Jason Corliss
Research Scientist/Senior Staff Scientist
Planetary Astronomy, Planetary Atmospheres, Small Bodies, Solar and Heliospheric Research
Mark Giampapa
DCC Visiting Research Scholar (Giacalone)
Solar and Heliospheric Research
Jack Harvey
DCC Visiting Research Scholar (Giacalone)
Solar and Heliospheric Research
John Leibacher
DCC Visiting Research Scholar (Giacalone)
Solar and Heliospheric Research
Mihailo Martinović
Researcher/Scientist
Solar and Heliospheric ResearchCole Meyer
PTYS Graduate Student
Planetary Atmospheres, Planetary Surfaces, Solar and Heliospheric Research
Ashraf Moradi
Postdoctoral Research Associate
Solar and Heliospheric Research
Marcia Neugebauer
DCC Visiting Research Scientist (Giacalone)
Solar and Heliospheric Research
Tyler Reese
PTYS Graduate Student
Planetary Atmospheres, Solar and Heliospheric Research
Space Situational Awareness
Space Situational Awareness
×
Orbital space around our Earth is congested, contested and competitive. Our research group is actively working to ensure sustainable management of this valuable resource for future generations. Our spectroscopy lab is capable of characterizing space material under space-like conditions so we can better interpret spectral properties of objects in Earth orbit and uniquely identify them. We have a dedicated telescope for collecting visible wavelength spectral data (0.35-1.0 µm) of space objects. Undergraduate engineering students built the RAPTORS telescope that will enable us to characterize objects in geostationary belt.
Projects related to small bodies include characterization of near-Earth asteroids for planetary defense, asteroid-meteorite link, rapid recovery of meteorites using radar and ground-based support for spacecraft missions. Space surveillance topics of interest include daytime imaging, telescopic and laboratory spectral characterization of space materials, sensor tasking, and cyber infrastructure for big data.
Space Situational Awareness Faculty

Vishnu Reddy
Professor
Cosmochemistry, Planetary Astronomy, Planetary Surfaces, Small Bodies, Space Situational AwarenessSpace Situational Awareness Researchers

Adam Battle
R&D Software Engineer, SPACE 4 Center
Asteroid Surveys, Small Bodies, Space Situational Awareness
David Cantillo
PTYS Graduate Student
Astrobiology, Small Bodies, Space Situational Awareness
Stephen Schwartz
DCC Associate Staff Scientist (Asphaug)
Orbital Dynamics, Planetary Astronomy, Planetary Surfaces, Small Bodies, Space Situational Awareness
Theoretical Astrophysics
Theoretical Astrophysics
×
Theoretical Astrophysics Program
In 1985, the University of Arizona consolidated its traditional and long-standing strength in astronomy and planetary sciences through an interdisciplinary program in theoretical astrophysics that includes the departments of Physics, Astronomy, Planetary Sciences (LPL), and Applied Mathematics Departments, as well as the National Optical Astronomy Observatory. The Theoretical Astrophysics Program (TAP) administers a Monday colloquium series, graduate student research and recruitment prizes, a postdoctoral fellowship, and a visitor program.
Theoretical Astrophysics Faculty

Erik Asphaug
Professor
Lunar Studies, Planetary Analogs, Planetary Geophysics, Planetary Surfaces, Small Bodies, Theoretical Astrophysics, Titan & Outer Solar System
Joe Giacalone
Professor
Solar and Heliospheric Research, Theoretical Astrophysics
William Hubbard
Professor Emeritus
Exoplanets, Planetary Atmospheres, Planetary Formation and Evolution, Theoretical Astrophysics, Titan & Outer Solar System
Kristopher Klein
Associate Professor
Solar and Heliospheric Research, Theoretical Astrophysics
Jozsef Kota
Senior Research Scientist (Retired)
Solar and Heliospheric Research, Theoretical Astrophysics
Renu Malhotra
Louise Foucar Marshall Science Research Professor, Regents Professor
Astrobiology, Exoplanets, Orbital Dynamics, Planetary Formation and Evolution, Small Bodies, Theoretical Astrophysics
Isamu Matsuyama
Professor
Astrobiology, Exoplanets, Lunar Studies, Planetary Formation and Evolution, Planetary Geophysics, Theoretical Astrophysics, Titan & Outer Solar System
Sukrit Ranjan
Assistant Professor
Astrobiology, Earth, Exoplanets, Planetary Atmospheres, Planetary Formation and Evolution, Theoretical AstrophysicsTimothy Swindle
Professor Emeritus
Cosmochemistry, Lunar Studies, Small Bodies, Theoretical AstrophysicsTheoretical Astrophysics Researchers

Feng Long
Postdoctoral Research Associate, Sagan Fellow
Planetary Formation and Evolution, Theoretical Astrophysics
Fuda Nguyen
PTYS Graduate Student
Exoplanets, Planetary Atmospheres, Planetary Formation and Evolution, Theoretical AstrophysicsAnna Taylor
PTYS Graduate Student
Exoplanets, Planetary Atmospheres, Theoretical Astrophysics
Titan & Outer Solar System
Titan & Outer Solar System
×Titan Media
Tour of Titan from Cassini-VIMS: 30 Years of Exploration
Video by Cassini VIMS team
The Cassini/VIMS team, based at LPL, has created an unparalleled map of Titan, which is a culmination of nearly 3 decades of effort by a diverse team of dedicated people. Custom mapping software sewed together the best Titan data collected during over 100 flybys of Saturn’s largest moon, and months of detailed adjustments to lighting and mosaic seams produced the most complete hyperspectral map of Titan in existence. This video commemorates our achievements—technical and artistic - and conveys in some small way the emotions felt by the group of dedicated people who worked on VIMS and Cassini-Huygens. This mission is a human achievement of the highest order, and for those who worked on it, pride in the mission will stay with us the rest of our lives.Download (720P, 158MB) (1080P, 425MB)
Additional Videos
- Approaching Titan a Billion Times Closer (24.2 MB)
- The View from Huygens on January 14, 2005 (44.5MB)
- The Descent Imager/Spectral Radiometer During the Descent of Huygens onto Titan on January 14, 2005 (39.1 MB)
- Read the Full Description
Titan & Outer Solar System Faculty

Jeffrey Andrews-Hanna
Professor
Lunar Studies, Planetary Geophysics, Planetary Surfaces, Titan & Outer Solar System
Erik Asphaug
Professor
Lunar Studies, Planetary Analogs, Planetary Geophysics, Planetary Surfaces, Small Bodies, Theoretical Astrophysics, Titan & Outer Solar System
Shane Byrne
Professor
Astrobiology, Photogrammetry, Planetary Analogs, Planetary Geophysics, Planetary Surfaces, Titan & Outer Solar System
Lynn Carter
Associate Department Head, Professor, University Distinguished Scholar
Earth, Lunar Studies, Planetary Analogs, Planetary Geophysics, Planetary Surfaces, Titan & Outer Solar System
Caitlin Griffith
Professor Emeritus
Astrobiology, Exoplanets, Planetary Astronomy, Planetary Atmospheres, Planetary Formation and Evolution, Planetary Surfaces, Titan & Outer Solar System
William Hubbard
Professor Emeritus
Exoplanets, Planetary Atmospheres, Planetary Formation and Evolution, Theoretical Astrophysics, Titan & Outer Solar System
Tommi Koskinen
Associate Department Head, Associate Professor
Exoplanets, Planetary Atmospheres, Planetary Formation and Evolution, Titan & Outer Solar System
Angela Marusiak
Assistant Research Professor
Lunar Studies, Planetary Analogs, Planetary Geophysics, Small Bodies, Titan & Outer Solar System
Isamu Matsuyama
Professor
Astrobiology, Exoplanets, Lunar Studies, Planetary Formation and Evolution, Planetary Geophysics, Theoretical Astrophysics, Titan & Outer Solar System
Roger Yelle
Professor
Astrobiology, Exoplanets, Planetary Atmospheres, Titan & Outer Solar SystemTitan & Outer Solar System Researchers

Claire Cook
PTYS Graduate Student
Photogrammetry, Planetary Analogs, Planetary Geophysics, Planetary Surfaces, Titan & Outer Solar System
Ruby Fulford
PTYS Graduate Student
Astrobiology, Planetary Geophysics, Planetary Surfaces, Small Bodies, Titan & Outer Solar System
Erich Karkoschka
Research Scientist/Senior Staff Scientist
Planetary Astronomy, Planetary Atmospheres, Planetary Surfaces, Titan & Outer Solar System
Samantha Moruzzi
PTYS Graduate Student
Planetary Analogs, Planetary Geophysics, Planetary Surfaces, Titan & Outer Solar System
Wesley Tucker
Postdoctoral Research Associate
Planetary Analogs, Planetary Geophysics, Planetary Surfaces, Titan & Outer Solar System