Department News

2022 Showman Distinguished Visiting Lecture by Heather Knutson

Professor Heather Knutson of Caltech visited LPL from April 18-21 as the inaugural speaker for the Showman Distinguished Lectureship. Professor Knutson studies the dynamics and chemistry of extrasolar planetary atmospheres, one of the many fields in which Professor Adam Showman conducted pioneering research. During her stay, she gave a colloquium on Exploring the Mysterious Origins of Super-Earths and Mini-Neptunes and a special seminar titled Bulk Compositions of Small Planets Orbiting Small Stars. Faculty, students, and postdoctoral scholars from LPL and Steward Observatory had the opportunity to meet Professor Knutson and discuss their research.

To support the Showman Distinguished Lectureship, please go to: https://give.uafoundation.org/science-lpl

NASA deputy administrator: UArizona a 'Crown Jewel' for the US

 

"What makes this university unique is the same thing that makes NASA unique: its people." NASA Deputy Administrator Pam Melroy speaks during a press conference at the University of Arizona on May 6, 2022.Chris Richards
 
By Daniel Stolte, University Communications
May 6, 2022
 

NASA Deputy Administrator Pam Melroy visited the University of Arizona Friday to meet with Senior Vice President for Research and Innovation Elizabeth "Betsy" Cantwell and eight campus researchers involved in some of the space agency's largest and most impactful missions. During a press conference immediately following the meeting, Melroy discussed the university's critical role in NASA projects.

Melroy recognized UArizona as "a huge and important partner for NASA, with a towering reputation in astronomy, planetary science and astrophysics, and world-ranked across all disciplines" and as a "crown jewel for the United States."

"As the world has become more competitive, and we are competing for technological capability around the world, our university system is still the envy of the rest of the world, and the University of Arizona is a critical piece of that," Melroy said.

She pointed out the numerous partnerships between NASA and the state of Arizona, which is ranked in the top 10 states for pursuing activities funded by the space agency, amounting to just over $900 million in economic impact and more than 5,000 jobs.

"Some of the most inspiring things and pictures that we have seen over the last couple of years have very strong roots right here," Melroy said, pointing to the James Webb Telescope, or JWST, as the most recent example. UArizona Regents Professor Marcia Rieke is the principal investigator for NIRCam, one of the space observatory's most important instruments.

JWST will provide glimpses into the early universe, during a time when the first stars and galaxies formed, potentially unlocking some of the rules of how the universe works, Melroy said.

The former astronaut, who helped assemble the International Space Station, also shared her excitement about the UArizona-led asteroid sample return mission OSIRIS-REx, and said she looks forward to getting the samples back to Earth next year.

The return of extraterrestrial samples, including moon samples, "are very much on NASA's mind right now," she said, fueled by ambitions to send astronauts back to the moon and, eventually, to Mars.

One of only two women to command a space shuttle, Melroy hinted at future scenarios in which "science is front and center" as humans and machines explore other worlds side by side, and she emphasized the critical mission that institutions like UArizona play in paving the way for such endeavors, particularly with regard to developing technology and educating the highly skilled workforce that will be up to such challenges.

Melroy said she was particularly impressed to hear that current students express an interest in studying the climate on other planets, driven by a desire to glean insights into better understanding our own planet and its potential transformations under the effects of a changing climate.

"The first person to set foot on Mars will be a scientist, and they're alive and in school today," she said.

NASA announced in April that Dani DellaGiustina, a UArizona alumna, would lead the OSIRIS-APEX mission – an extension of OSIRIS-REx mission that will visit near-Earth asteroid Apophis and, like OSIRIS-REx, yield fundamental knowledge about the origin of terrestrial planets and strategies to avoid potential asteroid impacts on Earth.

"The same thing that makes NASA unique," Melroy said, "is what makes UArizona unique: its people."

"The university has been dedicated to the highest-quality scientists, and it has been at the leading edge for a long time," she added. "Even when I was applying to grad schools, this was the place that you wanted to get into."

While on campus, Melroy also expressed her gratitude to U.S. Sen. Mark Kelly's office for helping the university's Alfie Norville Gem & Mineral Museum obtain a lunar rock sample that was picked up by astronaut Jim Irwin during the Apollo 15 mission.

The rock, which is on loan to the university, is currently on display at the museum.

"I think NASA can afford to give away a slice of that rock. because we're going back to get more," Melroy said.

During her visit, Melroy heard presentations from the following UArizona researchers: 

  • DellaGiustina, assistant professor of planetary sciences, deputy principal investigator and image processing lead scientist for NASA's OSIRIS-REx asteroid sample return mission, and principal investigator of OSIRIS-APEX, which will visit near-Earth asteroid Apophis.
  • Rieke, Regents Professor of Astronomy and principal investigator for the Near Infrared Camera, or NIRCam, instrument onboard NASA's James Webb Space Telescope.
  • Amy Mainzer, professor of planetary sciences and director of NASA's NEO Surveyor, a space-based survey designed to discover and measure asteroids and comets that could pose an impact hazard to Earth. 
  • Carlos Vargas, assistant astronomer at Steward Observatory and principal investigator for NASA's Aspera mission, which will study galaxy evolution with a space telescope barely larger than a mini fridge.
  • Kristopher Klein, assistant professor of planetary sciences and deputy principal investigator for NASA's HelioSwarm mission, a "swarm" of nine spacecraft that will set out to better understand plasma, the state of matter that makes up 99% of the visible universe.
  • Shane Byrne, professor of planetary sciences and co-investigator for the High Resolution Imaging Experiment, or HiRISE, camera onboard NASA's Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter. 
  • Pierre Haenecour, assistant professor of planetary sciences and sample science co-investigator for OSIRIS-REx. 
  • Erika Hamden, assistant professor of astronomy and principal investigator of Hyperion, a mission designed to observe molecular hydrogen in our galaxy to better understand how stars form

Stefano Nerozzi, UArizona Galileo Circle Postdoctoral Scholar Award

Dr. Stefano Nerozzi was awarded the UArizona Galileo Circle Postdoctoral Scholar Award. Dr. Nerozzi is the Science Principal Investigator on a selected NASA Mars Data Analysis Program proposal to study the intricate fluvial and geologic history of outflow channel systems in Utopia Planitia on Mars. He was recently selected for the Early Career section of the International Mars Ice Mapper (IMIM) Measurement Definition Team (MDT) for his expertise in Mars radar sounding, geomorphology, terrestrial analogues, and geomechanical stability of icy deposits. Stefano is also committed to fostering undergraduate research and supporting diversity within his research group assistants. He has been with LPL since January of 2020.

Brittany Miles, 51 Peg b Fellow

Brittany Miles has been named a 51 Pegasi b Fellow in Planetary Astronomy by the Heising-Simons Foundation. Brittany will receive her Ph.D. in astronomy and astrophysics from the University of California, Santa Cruz, in summer 2022. Brittany’s expertise lies in mid-infrared observations of brown dwarfs—astronomical objects that share properties with both planets and stars. By placing unique constraints on the atmospheric structures of these cold objects, she provides a template for predicting and interpreting future direct images of cooler exoplanets. Her brown dwarf observations inform her work as an instrumentalist who retrofits and tests detector capabilities to support more precise characterization of exoplanets.  

As a Peg b Fellow at UArizona, Brittany will continue her observations of brown dwarf atmospheres to obtain data on cloud composition and behavior. As co-principal investigator on a James Webb Space Telescope proposal, she will explore the coldest known brown dwarf to inspect possible water clouds and water vapor and infer how such features may behave on gas giant exoplanets. Brittany also plans to enhance the sensitivity of ground-based instruments to capture images of more Earth-like planets. Her work will be instrumental to the field as more large telescopes come online. The 51 Pegasi b Fellowship provides exceptional postdoctoral scientists with the opportunity to conduct theoretical, observational, and experimental research in planetary astronomy.

Established in 2017, the Heising-Simons Foundation 51 Pegasi b Fellowship is named for the first exoplanet discovered orbiting a Sun-like star. 

Feng Long, Sagan Fellow

Dr. Feng Long is a Sagan Fellow (NASA Hubble Fellowship Program) whose research focus is the formation and evolution of protoplanetary disks—the cradle of young planets. In particular, she uses the powerful radio interferometers to study the physical and chemical properties of protoplanetary disks, and thereby to identify key aspects of the planet-formation process. Her past works have demonstrated the prevalence of gap and ring features in disks, which are the likely imprints of young planets. As a Sagan Fellow at LPL, Feng will employ observational data from cutting-edge facilities to establish the impact of these disk features on planet formation and to study the associated young planet population. She aims at better understanding the earliest phase of planet formation, and to shed light on the origin of the observed diversity in exoplanet properties. 

Feng Long was born and grew up in the southwest mountain area of China. After receiving her bachelor's degree in astronomy from Peking University in 2013, she stayed to complete her Ph.D. in 2019. She then moved to the U.S. and has since been a Submillimeter Array Postdoctoral Fellow at the Center for Astrophysics Harvard & Smithsonian. 

The NHFP is one of the highlights of NASA’s pursuit of excellence in astrophysics. The program enables outstanding postdoctoral scientists to pursue independent research in any area of NASA Astrophysics, using theory, observation, experimentation, or instrument development.

Recent PTYS Graduates

Congratulations to Tracy Esman, Indujaa Ganesh, John Noonan, and Sarah Sutton, LPL's newest alumni!

May 2, 2022
Tracy Esman 
 
Magnetic Field Fluctuations from the Solar Wind to the Surface of Mars
New position: Postdoc, Goddard Space Flight Center
 

 

 


April 22, 2022

Indujaa Ganesh
 
Investigating Late-stage Explosive Eruptions on the Volcanic Rises of Mars and Venus
New position: Postdoc, University of Alaska, Fairbanks
 

January 7, 2022
John Noonan
 
The Comet Cipher: Understanding the Ultraviolet Emissions of Cometary Comae

New position: Postdoc, Auburn University


April 18, 2022

Sarah Sutton
 
Fissure-fed Volcanism on Mars and Earth
Continuing her work as a Photogrammetry & Image Processing Scientist with HiRISE

Teaching Teams Program

by Hannah Edwards, Instructional Specialist Coordinator
 

In 1998, the University of Arizona’s Teaching Teams Program was established to create dynamic learning environments for students, teaching assistants, as well as instructors and professors to collaborate in the education of undergraduates. The Teaching Teams Program began promoting peer learning assistants for large General Education science classes, originally in the area of planetary science and astronomy. Our program quickly expanded to become university-wide, including over 200 learning assistants per semester at its peak. Undergraduate students who enrolled in our Teaching Team classes were recruited to take on added responsibility as so-called “preceptors.” Preceptors serve as peer guides, mentors, tutors, and teachers for their fellow classmates.

Dr. Steve Kortenkamp uses preceptors every semester for his planetary science General Education courses. In the Fall 2021 semester, Steve had the help of four preceptors for his PTYS/ASTR 206 course. These preceptors assisted with set-up and management of LPL’s telescopes for a smartphone astrophotography project, held office hours to help students with writing essays, and worked as peer-graders on the submitted essays.

As other departments began following the Teaching Teams model, our curriculum began evolving away from a preceptor training program and into professional development for both preceptors and non-preceptors. Strengthening of interpersonal skills, professional online social media practices, and personal branding preparation for undergraduates is now the core of what Teaching Teams offers to our students.

Teaching Teams workshops provide a format that enables students to experiment with various teaching techniques and communication and internet skills, and outfits them with important interpersonal competencies for a wide variety of careers. Looking towards a globally changing learning and working environment, the overarching goal of the Teaching Teams Program is to instill leadership, teaching, and interpersonal skills as well as personal development for our students to build upon. Using our workshops to reach their desired goals, (i.e., future internships, jobs, graduate schools, etc.), our students will have the knowledge and skills to successfully compete in a changing 21st century world job market.

Today, the Teaching Teams program offers 12 units of course work, enough opportunities to support an undergraduate certificate. The Teaching Teams Program continues to encourage professors to utilize preceptors in conjunction with the program's PTYS 297A and PTYS 397A workshops for the benefit of students.      

 Teaching Teams preceptors helping Dr. K's class with an astrophotography project.

                                                                                                        

Dr. Heather Knutson Named Adam P. Showman Distinguished Lecturer

Professor Heather Knutson has been named the inaugural speaker for the Adam P. Showman Distinguished Visiting Lectureship. She will spend the week of April 18, 2022, at LPL, giving lectures and meeting with faculty, students, postdoctoral associates, and staff members.

Professor Knutson studies the dynamics and chemistry of extrasolar planetary atmospheres, one of the many fields in which Professor Adam Showman conducted pioneering research. Dr. Knutson led a team that confirmed the predicted eastward shift of the substellar hotspot in the atmosphere of the exoplanet HD 189733b, a shift that Dr. Showman and collaborators had predicted on the basis of fundamental atmospheric dynamical principles. This pioneering discovery established the field of observational exoplanet meteorology. Professor Knutson also searches for long-period companions in exoplanetary systems and conducts precision infrared photometry and time series analysis.

Professor Knutson obtained her B.S. in physics from Johns Hopkins University in 2004 and her Ph.D. in astronomy from Harvard University in 2009. She completed her thesis work, Portraits of Distant Worlds: Characterizing the Atmospheres of Extrasolar Planets, with Professor David Charbonneau. She has been with Caltech since 2011.

 

Catalina Sky Survey Tops off 2021 with a Rare Bright Comet Discovery

Catalina Sky Survey Tops off 2021 with a Rare Bright Comet Discovery

Gregory Leonard discovered the comet using the Catalina Sky Survey's 1.5-meter (60-inch) telescope on Mount Lemmon. Photo by Camillo Scherer.
 
Every night with clear skies, astronomers with LPL's Catalina Sky Survey (CSS) scan the sky for near-Earth asteroids – space rocks with the potential of venturing close to Earth at some point. During one such routine observation run on Jan. 3, CSS observer Gregory Leonard spotted a fuzzy patch of light tracking across the starfield background in a sequence of four images taken with the 1.5-meter reflector telescope at the summit of Mount Lemmon, Arizona. The dot's fuzzy appearance, combined with the fact that it had a tail, was a dead giveaway that he was looking at a comet. This was the first comet discovered in 2021, and it was thus designated C/2021 A1 (Leonard).

At the time of discovery, the comet was 400,000 times dimmer than what the human eye can see and was detected as a fuzzy patch of pixels tracking across the background stars in four telescope images. In the past, comets were discovered visually by very dedicated astronomers who spent countless hours scanning the night skies with a telescope. In recent decades, most comets are discovered incidentally by surveys tasked with finding near-Earth asteroids like the NASA-funded Catalina Sky Survey (CSS), Pan-STARRS, ATLAS and NEOWISE projects.

Most long-period comets such as Comet Leonard hail from the Oort Cloud, a vast region surrounding our solar system at distances no spacecraft has ever come close to, not even the two Voyager probes, which have officially left the solar system and entered interstellar space. Out there, suspended in the vast interstellar void where temperatures are close to absolute zero, are billions of orbiting comets balanced in a delicate tug-of-war of extremely weak gravitational forces between the distant sun and the rest of the Milky Way. Slight perturbations of this precarious balance of forces may nudge a chunk of ice and dust out of the Oort Cloud and send it onto a trajectory toward the Sun.

Comets are small bodies of the Solar System which are largely comprised of different types of ices and dust. Most comets have undergone very little processing since the beginning of the Solar System since they spend most of their lifetime at large heliocentric distances in the most frigid regions of space. Cometary nuclei therefore contain pristine samples of grains and gas from the protosolar nebula in which they formed; thus studying comets allows us to peek into the early conditions of our Solar System’s formation.

The most abundant ice and contributor to cometary activity through sublimation is water-ice, but C/2021 A1 (Leonard) was observed to be active beyond the water-ice sublimation zone. This means that other mechanisms different from water-ice sublimation were responsible for the activity, possibly through the sublimation of other icy compounds such as carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, or different exothermic mechanisms.

Comet Leonard made its closest approach to Earth on Dec. 12, at which point it was still more than 21 million miles away. "This is the last time we are going to see the comet," Leonard says. "It's speeding along at escape velocity, 44 miles per second. After its slingshot around the Sun, it will be ejected from our solar system, and it may stumble into another star system millions of years from now."

Read more:

https://catalina.lpl.arizona.edu/news/2021/12/catalina-sky-survey-tops-2021-rare-bright-comet-discovery

https://news.arizona.edu/story/heres-how-see-comet-leonard-according-uarizona-researcher-who-discovered-it

UArizona Ranked in Top 10 for Space Science on Latest U.S. News Best Global Universities List

By Nick Prevenas, University Communications
Oct. 27, 2021
 

The University of Arizona has once again been recognized as one of the world's top 100 research institutions by U.S. News & World Report.

UArizona ranked No. 99 out of 1,750 higher education institutions across 90 countries in the 2022 Best Global Universities ranking. The university was No. 42 among universities in the U.S. and No. 22 among public universities.

"It is gratifying to see the University of Arizona listed alongside many of the world's premier academic research institutions," said University of Arizona President Robert C. Robbins. "Our university is home to many breathtaking scientific innovations, and it is upon this foundation that our faculty members seek to make further extraordinary discoveries."

U.S. News & World Report's Best Global Universities ranks colleges and universities in 43 separate subjects – up from 38 the year before. The University of Arizona earned a spot on 32 of the subject rankings lists.

UArizona earned its top placement in the space science category, placing No. 10 overall, No. 7 in the U.S. and No. 2 among public universities – all up one spot from last year's rankings. The university earned top marks for its research reputation in space sciences, along with the number of citations and publications by UArizona researchers.

The university's overall research reputation ranked No. 46 in the U.S. and No. 93 globally.

"The resolve and innovative spirit of researchers across campus are at the heart of the university's outstanding research reputation," said Elizabeth "Betsy" Cantwell, senior vice president for research and innovation. "From our commitment to building resilience amid a swiftly changing climate, to our leadership of NASA's groundbreaking OSIRIS-REx mission returning an asteroid sample to Earth, to our pioneering work understanding individualized health needs through the NIH-funded All of Us Program, University of Arizona research creates real-world solutions in nearly every scientific discipline."

UArizona earned top-100 global placements for its programs in geosciences (No. 26), arts and humanities (tied for No. 42), environment/ecology (No. 42), plant/animal sciences (No. 53) and biotechnology and applied microbiology (No. 86).

The eighth annual Best Global Universities rankings are produced to provide insight into how research institutions compare throughout the world. The rankings focus specifically on schools' academic research and reputation overall. To produce the global rankings, which are based on data and metrics provided by analytics company Clarivate, U.S. News & World Report uses a methodology that focuses on 13 indicators to measure research performance.