Kristopher Klein

PTYS/LPL Faculty

Kristopher Klein

Associate Professor

Kuiper 431

Administrative Support:
Berenice Martinez

Ph.D., 2013, University of Iowa

Years with LPL: 2017

Solar and Heliospheric Research, Theoretical Astrophysics, HelioSwarm, Parker Solar Probe

Dr. Klein's research focuses on studying fundamental plasma phenomena that governs the dynamics of systems within our heliosphere as well as more distant astrophysical bodies. He has particular interest in identifying heating and energization mechanisms in turbulent plasmas, such as the Sun's extended atmosphere known as the solar wind, as well as evaluating the effects of the departure from local thermodynamic equilibrium on nearly collisionless plasmas which are ubiquitous in space environments. As part of this work, Prof. Klein is a co-developer of the Arbitrary Linear Plasma Solver (ALPS) numerical dispersion solver, an open source code used for quantifying the behavior of such non-equilibrium systems.

These systems are studied with a combination of analytic theory and numerical simulation, including large-scale nonlinear turbulence codes such as AstroGK, HVM, and gkeyll. These theoretical predictions are compared to in situ observations from spacecraft including NASA's Wind, MMS and Parker Solar Probe mission, as well as the upcoming HelioSwarm mission, which will fly nine spacecraft between the Earth and moon to characterize the transport and dissipation of turbulent energy in space plasmas. By comparing theory with local plasma measurements, we aim to answer a variety of questions about the behavior of plasma in our solar system.

Current Grants

  • HelioSwarm: The Nature of Turbulence in Space Plasmas- NASA Medium Class Explorer
  • Non-linear Solar Wind Turbulent Heating from 0.08 to 5.2 AU- NASA Heliophysics Living with a Star
  • Measuring Plasma Parameters and Waves in The Ionosphere of Earth- NASA Heliophysics Technology Development
  • Tracing the Flow of Energy that Heats and Accelerates Solar-Wind Streams that Originate in Coronal Holes- NASA Heliophysics Theory simulation and Modeling
  • Study of Ion Velocity Distributions and Kinetic Wave Activity Observed in the Acceleration Region of the Solar Wind with Theory, Modeling, and Machine Learning- NASA Heliophysics Theory simulation and Modeling
  • Solar Wind Electrons Alphas and Protons (SWEAP): NASA's Parker Solar Probe mission Co-I
  • Improved Characterization of Solar Wind Dissipation, Energization, and Stability, NASA Heliophysics Early Career Investigator Program
  • Investigation of Electron Parameter Statistical Distributions and Association with Structures using QTN Spectroscopy

Current Spacecraft Involvement

Student Collaborations/Advising

Former Students

  • Teddy Broeren, 2023 (Ph.D. Applied Maths)

Former Postdocs

  • Emily Lichko
  • Mihailo Martinović

Based on Google Scholar and NASA ADS: NASA ADS Author search: Kristopher G. Klein (See also ORCID 0000-0001-6038-1923)

Recent refereed publications (NASA ADS): Years 2019 through June 2025

Yogesh, Ofman, Leon, Boardsen, Scott A., Klein, Kristopher, Martinović, Mihailo, Sadykov, Viacheslav M., Verniero, Jaye L., Shankarappa, Niranjana, Jian, Lan K., Mostafavi, Parisa, Huang, Jia, & Paulson, K. W. 2025, The Astrophysical Journal. Evidence of Interaction between Ion-scale Waves and Ion Velocity Distributions in the Solar Wind

Bowen, Trevor A., Dunn, Corina I., Mallet, Alfred, Squire, Jonathan, Badman, Samuel T., Bale, Stuart D., Dudok de Wit, Thierry, Horbury, Timothy S., Klein, Kristopher G., Larson, Davin, Matteini, Lorenzo, McManus, Michael D., & Sioulas, Nikos 2025, The Astrophysical Journal. Nonlinear Interactions in Spherically Polarized Alfvénic Turbulence

Zheng, Xianming, Martinović, Mihailo M., Klein, Kristopher G., Pierrard, Viviane, Liu, Mingzhe, Xue, Xianghui, Tao, Shi, Cheng, Kun, Wu, Han, & Yu, Bingkun 2025, The Astrophysical Journal. Quasithermal Noise in Magnetized Plasma: Theory and Simulations

Klein, Kristopher G., Howes, Gregory G., & Brown, Collin R. 2025, Research Notes of the American Astronomical Society. PLUME: Plasma in a Linear Uniform Magnetized Environment

Zhang, Michael F., Kunz, Matthew W., Squire, Jonathan, & Klein, Kristopher G. 2025, The Astrophysical Journal. Extreme Heating of Minor Ions in Imbalanced Solar-wind Turbulence

Klein, K. G., Broeren, T., Roberts, O., & Schulz, L. 2024, Journal of Geophysical Research (Space Physics). Wave-Telescope Analysis for Multipoint Observatories: Impact of Timing and Spatial Uncertainties

Lewis, Harry C., Stawarz, Julia E., Matteini, Lorenzo, Franci, Luca, Klein, Kristopher G., Wicks, Robert T., Salem, Chadi S., Horbury, Timothy S., & Wang, Joseph H. 2024, Geophysical Research Letters. Turbulent Energy Conversion Associated With Kinetic Microinstabilities in Earth's Magnetosheath

Zheng, Xianming, Martinović, Mihailo M., Pierrard, Viviane, Klein, Kristopher G., Liu, Mingzhe, Abraham, Joel B., Liu, Yong, Luo, Jingting, Lin, Xiaodong, Liu, Guoqing, & Li, Jingchun 2024, The Astrophysical Journal. Radial Evolution of Non-Maxwellian Electron Populations Derived from Quasi-thermal Noise Spectroscopy: Parker Solar Probe Observations

Walters, Jada, Klein, Kristopher G., Lichko, Emily, Juno, James, & TenBarge, Jason M. 2024, The Astrophysical Journal. Electron Influence on the Parallel Proton Firehose Instability in 10-moment, Multifluid Simulations

Yoon, Peter H., Salem, Chadi S., Klein, Kristopher G., Martinović, Mihailo M., López, Rodrigo A., Seough, Jungjoon, Sarfraz, Muhammad, Lazar, Marian, & Shaaban, Shaaban M. 2024, The Astrophysical Journal. Regulation of Solar Wind Electron Temperature Anisotropy by Collisions and Instabilities

Shankarappa, Niranjana, Klein, Kristopher G., Martinović, Mihailo M., & Bowen, Trevor A. 2024, The Astrophysical Journal. Estimated Heating Rates Due to Cyclotron Damping of Ion-scale Waves Observed by the Parker Solar Probe

Pecora, Francesco, Pucci, Francesco, Malara, Francesco, Klein, Kristopher G., Marcucci, Maria Federica, Retinò, Alessandro, & Matthaeus, William 2024, The Astrophysical Journal. Evaluation of Scale-dependent Kurtosis with HelioSwarm

Yoon, P. H., Lazar, M., Salem, C., Seough, J., Martinović, M. M., Klein, K. G., & López, R. A. 2024, The Astrophysical Journal. Boundary of the Distribution of Solar Wind Proton Beta versus Temperature Anisotropy

Gorman, Waverly & Klein, Kristopher G. 2024, Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. Mind the gap: non-local cascades and preferential heating in high-β Alfvénic turbulence

Broeren, T., Klein, K. G. 2024, Res. Notes AAS. Constrained Wave-telescope Technique

Chen, Xiaohang, Giacalone, Joe, Guo, Fan, & Klein, Kristopher G. 2024, The Astrophysical Journal. Parallel Diffusion Coefficient of Energetic Charged Particles in the Inner Heliosphere from the Turbulent Magnetic Fields Measured by Parker Solar Probe

Huang, Jia, Kasper, J. C., Larson, Davin E., McManus, Michael D., Whittlesey, P., Livi, Roberto, Rahmati, Ali, Romeo, Orlando, Klein, K. G., Sun, Weijie, van der Holst, Bart, Huang, Zhenguang, Jian, Lan K., Szabo, Adam, Verniero, J. L., Chen, C. H. K., Lavraud, B., Liu, Mingzhe, Badman, Samuel T., Niembro, Tatiana, Paulson, Kristoff, Stevens, M., Case, A. W., Pulupa, Marc, Bale, Stuart D., & Halekas, J. S. 2024, The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series. Erratum: "Parker Solar Probe Observations of High Plasma β Solar Wind from the Streamer Belt" (2023, ApJS, 265, 47)

Broeren, T., Klein, K. G., & TenBarge, J. M. 2024, Earth and Space Science. Multi-Spacecraft Magnetic Field Reconstructions: A Cross-Scale Comparison of Methods

Giacalone, Joe, Cohen, C. M. S., McComas, D. J., Chen, X., Dayeh, M. A., Matthaeus, W. H., Klein, K. G., Bale, S. D., Christian, E. R., Desai, M. I., Hill, M. E., Khoo, L. Y., Lario, D., Leske, R. A., McNutt, R. L., Mitchell, D. G., Mitchell, J. G., Malandraki, O., & Schwadron, N. A. 2023, The Astrophysical Journal. Analyses of 0.05-2 MeV Ions Associated with the 2022 February 16 Energetic Storm Particle Event Observed by Parker Solar Probe

Klein, Kristopher G., Spence, Harlan, Alexandrova, Olga, Argall, Matthew, Arzamasskiy, Lev, Bookbinder, Jay, Broeren, Theodore, Caprioli, Damiano, Case, Anthony, Chandran, Benjamin, Chen, Li-Jen, Dors, Ivan, Eastwood, Jonathan, Forsyth, Colin, Galvin, Antoinette, Genot, Vincent, Halekas, Jasper, Hesse, Michael, Hine, Butler, Horbury, Tim, Jian, Lan, Kasper, Justin, Kretzschmar, Matthieu, Kunz, Matthew, Lavraud, Benoit, Le Contel, Olivier, Mallet, Alfred, Maruca, Bennett, Matthaeus, William, Niehof, Jonathan, O'Brien, Helen, Owen, Christopher, Retinò, Alessandro, Reynolds, Christopher, Roberts, Owen, Schekochihin, Alexander, Skoug, Ruth, Smith, Charles, Smith, Sonya, Steinberg, John, Stevens, Michael, Szabo, Adam, TenBarge, Jason, Torbert, Roy, Vasquez, Bernard, Verscharen, Daniel, Whittlesey, Phyllis, Wickizer, Brittany, Zank, Gary, & Zweibel, Ellen 2023, Space Science Reviews. HelioSwarm: A Multipoint, Multiscale Mission to Characterize Turbulence

Pecora, Francesco, Yang, Yan, Matthaeus, William H., Chasapis, Alexandros, Klein, Kristopher G., Stevens, Michael, Servidio, Sergio, Greco, Antonella, Gershman, Daniel J., Giles, Barbara L., & Burch, James L. 2023, Physical Review Letters. Three-Dimensional Energy Transfer in Space Plasma Turbulence from Multipoint Measurement

Wilson, Lynn B., Stevens, Michael L., Kasper, Justin C., Klein, Kristopher G., Maruca, Bennett A., Bale, Stuart D., Bowen, Trevor A., Pulupa, Marc P., & Salem, Chadi S. 2023, The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series. Erratum: "The Statistical Properties of Solar Wind Temperature Parameters Near 1 au" (2018, ApJS, 236, 41)

Romeo, O. M., Braga, C. R., Badman, S. T., Larson, D. E., Stevens, M. L., Huang, J., Phan, T., Rahmati, A., Livi, R., Alnussirat, S. T., Whittlesey, P. L., Szabo, A., Klein, K. G., Niembro-Hernandez, T., Paulson, K., Verniero, J. L., Lario, D., Raouafi, N. E., Ervin, T., Kasper, J., Pulupa, M., Bale, S. D., & Linton, M. G. 2023, The Astrophysical Journal. Near-Sun In Situ and Remote-sensing Observations of a Coronal Mass Ejection and its Effect on the Heliospheric Current Sheet

Lewis, Harry C., Stawarz, Julia E., Franci, Luca, Matteini, Lorenzo, Klein, Kristopher, Salem, Chadi S., Burch, James L., Ergun, Robert E., Giles, Barbara L., Russell, Christopher T., & Lindqvist, Per-Arne 2023, Physics of Plasmas. Magnetospheric Multiscale measurements of turbulent electric fields in earth's magnetosheath: How do plasma conditions influence the balance of terms in generalized Ohm's law?

Roberts, O. W., Vörös, Z., Torkar, K., Stawarz, J., Bandyopadhyay, R., Gershman, D. J., Narita, Y., Kieokaew, R., Lavraud, B., Klein, K., Yang, Y., Nakamura, R., Chasapis, A., & Matthaeus, W. H. 2023, Journal of Geophysical Research (Space Physics). Estimation of the Error in the Calculation of the Pressure-Strain Term: Application in the Terrestrial Magnetosphere

Halekas, J. S., Bale, S. D., Berthomier, M., Chandran, B. D. G., Drake, J. F., Kasper, J. C., Klein, K. G., Larson, D. E., Livi, R., Pulupa, M. P., Stevens, M. L., Verniero, J. L., & Whittlesey, P. 2023, The Astrophysical Journal. Quantifying the Energy Budget in the Solar Wind from 13.3 to 100 Solar Radii

Huang, Jia, Kasper, J. C., Fisk, L. A., Larson, Davin E., McManus, Michael D., Chen, C. H. K., Martinović, Mihailo M., Klein, K. G., Thomas, Luke, Liu, Mingzhe, Maruca, Bennett A., Zhao, Lingling, Chen, Yu, Hu, Qiang, Jian, Lan K., Verniero, J. L., Velli, Marco, Livi, Roberto, Whittlesey, P., Rahmati, Ali, Romeo, Orlando, Niembro, Tatiana, Paulson, Kristoff, Stevens, M., Case, A. W., Pulupa, Marc, Bale, Stuart D., & Halekas, J. S. 2023, The Astrophysical Journal. The Structure and Origin of Switchbacks: Parker Solar Probe Observations

Martinović, Mihailo M. & Klein, Kristopher G. 2023, The Astrophysical Journal. Ion-driven Instabilities in the Inner Heliosphere. II. Classification and Multidimensional Mapping

Johnson, E., Maruca, B. A., McManus, M., Klein, K. G., Lichko, E. R., Verniero, J., Paulson, K. W., DeWeese, H., Dieguez, I., Qudsi, R. A., Kasper, J., Stevens, M., Alterman, B. L., Wilson, L. B., Livi, R., Rahmati, A., & Larson, D. 2023, The Astrophysical Journal. Anterograde Collisional Analysis of Solar Wind Ions

Broeren, T. & Klein, K. G. 2023, The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series. Data-driven Uncertainty Quantification of the Wave Telescope Technique: General Equations and Demonstration Using HelioSwarm

Huang, Jia, Kasper, J. C., Larson, Davin E., McManus, Michael D., Whittlesey, P., Livi, Roberto, Rahmati, Ali, Romeo, Orlando, Klein, K. G., Sun, Weijie, van der Holst, Bart, Huang, Zhenguang, Jian, Lan K., Szabo, Adam, Verniero, J. L., Chen, C. H. K., Lavraud, B., Liu, Mingzhe, Badman, Samuel T., Niembro, Tatiana, Paulson, Kristoff, Stevens, M., Case, A. W., Pulupa, Marc, Bale, Stuart D., & Halekas, J. S. 2023, The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series. Parker Solar Probe Observations of High Plasma β Solar Wind from the Streamer Belt

Shankarappa, Niranjana, Klein, Kristopher G., & Martinović, Mihailo M. 2023, The Astrophysical Journal. Estimation of Turbulent Proton and Electron Heating Rates via Landau Damping Constrained by Parker Solar Probe Observations

Juno, James, Brown, Collin R., Howes, Gregory G., Haggerty, Colby C., TenBarge, Jason M., Wilson, Lynn B., Caprioli, Damiano, & Klein, Kristopher G. 2023, The Astrophysical Journal. Phase-space Energization of Ions in Oblique Shocks

Raouafi, N. E., Matteini, L., Squire, J., Badman, S. T., Velli, M., Klein, K. G., Chen, C. H. K., Matthaeus, W. H., Szabo, A., Linton, M., Allen, R. C., Szalay, J. R., Bruno, R., Decker, R. B., Akhavan-Tafti, M., Agapitov, O. V., Bale, S. D., Bandyopadhyay, R., Battams, K., Berčič, L., Bourouaine, S., Bowen, T. A., Cattell, C., Chandran, B. D. G., Chhiber, R., Cohen, C. M. S., D'Amicis, R., Giacalone, J., Hess, P., Howard, R. A., Horbury, T. S., Jagarlamudi, V. K., Joyce, C. J., Kasper, J. C., Kinnison, J., Laker, R., Liewer, P., Malaspina, D. M., Mann, I., McComas, D. J., Niembro-Hernandez, T., Nieves-Chinchilla, T., Panasenco, O., Pokorný, P., Pusack, A., Pulupa, M., Perez, J. C., Riley, P., Rouillard, A. P., Shi, C., Stenborg, G., Tenerani, A., Verniero, J. L., Viall, N., Vourlidas, A., Wood, B. E., Woodham, L. D., & Woolley, T. 2023, Space Science Reviews. Parker Solar Probe: Four Years of Discoveries at Solar Cycle Minimum

Bowen, Trevor A., Chandran, Benjamin D. G., Squire, Jonathan, Bale, Stuart D., Duan, Die, Klein, Kristopher G., Larson, Davin, Mallet, Alfred, McManus, Michael D., Meyrand, Romain, Verniero, Jaye L., & Woodham, Lloyd D. 2022, Physical Review Letters. In Situ Signature of Cyclotron Resonant Heating in the Solar Wind

Howes, Gregory G., Verniero, Jaye L., Larson, Davin E., Bale, Stuart D., Kasper, Justin C., Goetz, Keith, Klein, Kristopher G., Whittlesey, Phyllis L., Livi, Roberto, Rahmati, Ali, Chen, Christopher H. K., Wilson, Lynn B., Alterman, Benjamin L., Wicks, Robert T. 2022, Frontiers in Astronomy and Space Sciences. Revolutionizing Our Understanding of Particle Energization in Space Plasmas Using On-Board Wave-Particle Correlator Instrumentation

Livi, Roberto, Larson, Davin E., Kasper, Justin C., Abiad, Robert, Case, A. W., Klein, Kristopher G., Curtis, David W., Dalton, Gregory, Stevens, Michael, Korreck, Kelly E., Ho, George, Robinson, Miles, Tiu, Chris, Whittlesey, Phyllis L., Verniero, Jaye L., Halekas, Jasper, McFadden, James, Marckwordt, Mario, Slagle, Amanda, Abatcha, Mamuda, Rahmati, Ali, & McManus, Michael D. 2022, The Astrophysical Journal. The Solar Probe ANalyzer-Ions on the Parker Solar Probe

Martinović, Mihailo M., Dordević, Antonije R., Klein, Kristopher G., Maksimović, Milan, Issautier, Karine, Liu, Mingzhe, Pulupa, Marc, Bale, Stuart D., Halekas, Jasper S., & McManus, Michael D. 2022, Journal of Geophysical Research (Space Physics). Plasma Parameters From Quasi-Thermal Noise Observed by Parker Solar Probe: A New Model for the Antenna Response

Shi, Chen, Panasenco, Olga, Velli, Marco, Tenerani, Anna, Verniero, Jaye L., Sioulas, Nikos, Huang, Zesen, Brosius, A., Bale, Stuart D., Klein, Kristopher, Kasper, Justin, de Wit, Thierry Dudok, Goetz, Keith, Harvey, Peter R., MacDowall, Robert J., Malaspina, David M., Pulupa, Marc, Larson, Davin, Livi, Roberto, Case, Anthony, & Stevens, Michael 2022, The Astrophysical Journal. Patches of Magnetic Switchbacks and Their Origins

Verniero, J. L., Chandran, B. D. G., Larson, D. E., Paulson, K., Alterman, B. L., Badman, S., Bale, S. D., Bonnell, J. W., Bowen, T. A., de Wit, T. Dudok, Kasper, J. C., Klein, K. G., Lichko, E., Livi, R., McManus, M. D., Rahmati, A., Verscharen, D., Walters, J., & Whittlesey, P. L. 2022, The Astrophysical Journal. Strong Perpendicular Velocity-space Diffusion in Proton Beams Observed by Parker Solar Probe

Martinović, Mihailo M., Klein, Kristopher G., Ďurovcová, Tereza, & Alterman, Benjamin L. 2021, The Astrophysical Journal. Ion-driven Instabilities in the Inner Heliosphere. I. Statistical Trends

Esman, T. M., Espley, J., Gruesbeck, J., Klein, K. G., & Giacalone, J. 2021, Journal of Geophysical Research (Space Physics). Plasma Waves in the Distant Martian Environment: Implications for Mars' Sphere of Influence

Vech, Daniel, Malaspina, David M., Cattell, Cynthia, Schwartz, Steven J., Ergun, Robert E., Klein, Kristopher G., Kromyda, Lily, & Chasapis, Alexandros 2021, Journal of Geophysical Research (Space Physics). Experimental Determination of Ion Acoustic Wave Dispersion Relation With Interferometric Analysis

Broeren, T., Klein, K. G., TenBarge, J. M., Dors, Ivan, Roberts, O. W., & Verscharen, D. 2021, Frontiers in Astronomy and Space Sciences. Magnetic Field Reconstruction for a Realistic Multi-Point, Multi-Scale Spacecraft Observatory

Juno, James, Howes, Gregory G., TenBarge, Jason M., Wilson, Lynn B., Spitkovsky, Anatoly, Caprioli, Damiano, Klein, Kristopher G., & Hakim, Ammar 2021, Journal of Plasma Physics. A field-particle correlation analysis of a perpendicular magnetized collisionless shock

Verscharen, Daniel, Wicks, Robert T., Alexandrova, Olga, Bruno, Roberto, Burgess, David, Chen, Christopher H. K., D'Amicis, Raffaella, De Keyser, Johan, de Wit, Thierry Dudok, Franci, Luca, He, Jiansen, Henri, Pierre, Kasahara, Satoshi, Khotyaintsev, Yuri, Klein, Kristopher G., Lavraud, Benoit, Maruca, Bennett A., Maksimovic, Milan, Plaschke, Ferdinand, Poedts, Stefaan, Reynolds, Christopher S., Roberts, Owen, Sahraoui, Fouad, Saito, Shinji, Salem, Chadi S., Saur, Joachim, Servidio, Sergio, Stawarz, Julia E., Štverák, Štěpán, & Told, Daniel 2021, Experimental Astronomy. A Case for Electron-Astrophysics

Vech, D., Stevens, M. L., Paulson, K. W., Malaspina, D. M., Case, A. W., Klein, K. G., & Kasper, J. C. 2021, Astronomy and Astrophysics. A powerful machine learning technique to extract proton core, beam, and α-particle parameters from velocity distribution functions in space plasmas

Halekas, J. S., Whittlesey, P. L., Larson, D. E., McGinnis, D., Bale, S. D., Berthomier, M., Case, A. W., Chandran, B. D. G., Kasper, J. C., Klein, K. G., Korreck, K. E., Livi, R., MacDowall, R. J., Maksimovic, M., Malaspina, D. M., Matteini, L., Pulupa, M. P., & Stevens, M. L. 2021, Astronomy and Astrophysics. Electron heat flux in the near-Sun environment

Verniero, J. L., Howes, G. G., Stewart, D. E., & Klein, K. G. 2021, Journal of Geophysical Research (Space Physics). PATCH: Particle Arrival Time Correlation for Heliophysics

Verniero, J. L., Howes, G. G., Stewart, D. E., & Klein, K. G. 2021, Journal of Geophysical Research (Space Physics). Determining Threshold Instrumental Resolutions for Resolving the Velocity Space Signature of Ion Landau Damping

Klein, K. G., Verniero, J. L., Alterman, B., Bale, S., Case, A., Kasper, J. C., Korreck, K., Larson, D., Lichko, E., Livi, R., McManus, M., Martinović, M., Rahmati, A., Stevens, M., & Whittlesey, P. 2021, The Astrophysical Journal. Inferred Linear Stability of Parker Solar Probe Observations Using One- and Two-component Proton Distributions

Chen, C. H. K., Chandran, B. D. G., Woodham, L. D., Jones, S. I., Perez, J. C., Bourouaine, S., Bowen, T. A., Klein, K. G., Moncuquet, M., Kasper, J. C., Bale, S. D. 2021, Astronomy and Astrophysics The near-Sun streamer belt solar wind: turbulence and solar wind acceleration

Vech, D., Martinović, M. M., Klein, K. G., Malaspina, D. M., Bowen, T. A., Verniero, J. L., Paulson, K., Dudok de Wit, T., Kasper, J. C., Huang, J., Stevens, M. L., Case, A. W., Korreck, K., Mozer, F. S., Goodrich, K. A., Bale, S. D., Whittlesey, P. L., Livi, R., Larson, D. E., Pulupa, M., Bonnell, J., Harvey, P., Goetz, K., MacDowall, R. 2021, Astronomy and Astrophysics Wave-particle energy transfer directly observed in an ion cyclotron wave

Zhao, L.-L., Zank, G. P., Hu, Q., Telloni, D., Chen, Y., Adhikari, L., Nakanotani, M., Kasper, J. C., Huang, J., Bale, S. D., Korreck, K. E., Case, A. W., Stevens, M., Bonnell, J. W., Dudok de Wit, T., Goetz, K., Harvey, P. R., MacDowall, R. J., Malaspina, D. M., Pulupa, M., Larson, D. E., Livi, R., Whittlesey, P., Klein, K. G., Raouafi, N. E. 2021, Astronomy and Astrophysics Detection of small magnetic flux ropes from the third and fourth Parker Solar Probe encounters

Martinović, M. M., Klein, K. G., Huang, J., Chandran, B. D. G., Kasper, J. C., Lichko, E., Bowen, T., Chen, C. H. K., Matteini, L., Stevens, M., Case, A. W., Bale, S. D. 2021, The Astrophysical Journal Multiscale Solar Wind Turbulence Properties inside and near Switchbacks Measured by the Parker Solar Probe

Perez, J. C., Chandran, B. D. G., Klein, K. G., Martinović, M. M. 2021, Journal of Plasma Physics How Alfvén waves energize the solar wind: heat versus work

Bourouaine, Sofiane, Perez, Jean C., Klein, Kristopher G., Chen, Christopher H. K., Martinović, Mihailo, Bale, Stuart D., Kasper, Justin C., & Raouafi, Nour E. 2020, The Astrophysical Journal. Turbulence Characteristics of Switchback and Nonswitchback Intervals Observed by Parker Solar Probe

Woolley, Thomas, Matteini, Lorenzo, Horbury, Timothy S., Bale, Stuart D., Woodham, Lloyd D., Laker, Ronan, Alterman, Benjamin L., Bonnell, John W., Case, Anthony W., Kasper, Justin C., Klein, Kristopher G., Martinović, Mihailo M., & Stevens, Michael 2020, Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. Proton core behaviour inside magnetic field switchbacks

Chen, Yu, Hu, Qiang, Zhao, Lingling, Kasper, Justin C., Bale, Stuart D., Korreck, Kelly E., Case, Anthony W., Stevens, Michael L., Bonnell, John W., Goetz, Keith, Harvey, Peter R., Klein, Kristopher G., Larson, Davin E., Livi, Roberto, MacDowall, Robert J., Malaspina, David M., Pulupa, Marc, & Whittlesey, Phyllis L. 2020, The Astrophysical Journal. Small-scale Magnetic Flux Ropes in the First Two Parker Solar Probe Encounters

Kawazura, Y., Schekochihin, A. A., Barnes, M., TenBarge, J. M., Tong, Y., Klein, K. G., & Dorland, W. 2020, Physical Review X. Ion versus Electron Heating in Compressively Driven Astrophysical Gyrokinetic Turbulence

Klein, Kristopher G., Howes, Gregory G., TenBarge, Jason M., & Valentini, Francesco 2020, Journal of Plasma Physics. Diagnosing collisionless energy transfer using field-particle correlations: Alfvén-ion cyclotron turbulence

Martinović, Mihailo M., Klein, Kristopher G., Gramze, Savannah R., Jain, Himanshu, Maksimović, Milan, Zaslavsky, Arnaud, Salem, Chadi, Zouganelis, Ioannis, & Simić, Zoran 2020, Journal of Geophysical Research (Space Physics). Solar Wind Electron Parameters Determination on Wind Spacecraft Using Quasi-Thermal Noise Spectroscopy

Verscharen, Daniel, Parashar, Tulasi N., Gary, S. Peter, & Klein, Kristopher G. 2020, Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. Dependence of kinetic plasma waves on ion-to-electron mass ratio and light-to-Alfvén speed ratio

Verniero, J. L., Larson, D. E., Livi, R., Rahmati, A., McManus, M. D., Pyakurel, P. Sharma, Klein, K. G., Bowen, T. A., Bonnell, J. W., Alterman, B. L., Whittlesey, P. L., Malaspina, David M., Bale, S. D., Kasper, J. C., Case, A. W., Goetz, K., Harvey, P. R., Korreck, K. E., MacDowall, R. J., Pulupa, M., Stevens, M. L., & de Wit, T. Dudok 2020, The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series. Parker Solar Probe Observations of Proton Beams Simultaneous with Ion-scale Waves

Lavraud, B., Fargette, N., Réville, V., Szabo, A., Huang, J., Rouillard, A. P., Viall, N., Phan, T. D., Kasper, J. C., Bale, S. D., Berthomier, M., Bonnell, J. W., Case, A. W., Dudok de Wit, T., Eastwood, J. P., Génot, V., Goetz, K., Griton, L. S., Halekas, J. S., Harvey, P., Kieokaew, R., Klein, K. G., Korreck, K. E., Kouloumvakos, A., Larson, D. E., Lavarra, M., Livi, R., Louarn, P., MacDowall, R. J., Maksimovic, M., Malaspina, D., Nieves-Chinchilla, T., Pinto, R. F., Poirier, N., Pulupa, M., Raouafi, N. E., Stevens, M. L., Toledo-Redondo, S., & Whittlesey, P. L. 2020, The Astrophysical Journal. The Heliospheric Current Sheet and Plasma Sheet during Parker Solar Probe's First Orbit

Whittlesey, Phyllis L., Larson, Davin E., Kasper, Justin C., Halekas, Jasper, Abatcha, Mamuda, Abiad, Robert, Berthomier, M., Case, A. W., Chen, Jianxin, Curtis, David W., Dalton, Gregory, Klein, Kristopher G., Korreck, Kelly E., Livi, Roberto, Ludlam, Michael, Marckwordt, Mario, Rahmati, Ali, Robinson, Miles, Slagle, Amanda, Stevens, M. L., Tiu, Chris, & Verniero, J. L. 2020, The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series. The Solar Probe ANalyzers—Electrons on the Parker Solar Probe

Huang, Jia, Kasper, J. C., Vech, D., Klein, K. G., Stevens, M., Martinović, Mihailo M., Alterman, B. L., Ďurovcová, Tereza, Paulson, Kristoff, Maruca, Bennett A., Qudsi, Ramiz A., Case, A. W., Korreck, K. E., Jian, Lan K., Velli, Marco, Lavraud, B., Hegedus, A., Bert, C. M., Holmes, J., Bale, Stuart D., Larson, Davin E., Livi, Roberto, Whittlesey, P., Pulupa, Marc, MacDowall, Robert J., Malaspina, David M., Bonnell, John W., Harvey, Peter, Goetz, Keith, & Dudok de Wit, Thierry 2020, The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series. Proton Temperature Anisotropy Variations in Inner Heliosphere Estimated with the First Parker Solar Probe Observations

Bowen, Trevor A., Mallet, Alfred, Huang, Jia, Klein, Kristopher G., Malaspina, David M., Stevens, Michael, Bale, Stuart D., Bonnell, J. W., Case, Anthony W., Chandran, Benjamin D. G., Chaston, C. C., Chen, Christopher H. K., Dudok de Wit, Thierry, Goetz, Keith, Harvey, Peter R., Howes, Gregory G., Kasper, J. C., Korreck, Kelly E., Larson, Davin, Livi, Roberto, MacDowall, Robert J., McManus, Michael D., Pulupa, Marc, Verniero, J. L., & Whittlesey, Phyllis 2020, The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series. Ion-scale Electromagnetic Waves in the Inner Heliosphere

Chen, C. H. K., Bale, S. D., Bonnell, J. W., Borovikov, D., Bowen, T. A., Burgess, D., Case, A. W., Chandran, B. D. G., de Wit, T. Dudok, Goetz, K., Harvey, P. R., Kasper, J. C., Klein, K. G., Korreck, K. E., Larson, D., Livi, R., MacDowall, R. J., Malaspina, D. M., Mallet, A., McManus, M. D., Moncuquet, M., Pulupa, M., Stevens, M. L., & Whittlesey, P. 2020, The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series. The Evolution and Role of Solar Wind Turbulence in the Inner Heliosphere

Vech, Daniel, Kasper, Justin C., Klein, Kristopher G., Huang, Jia, Stevens, Michael L., Chen, Christopher H. K., Case, Anthony W., Korreck, Kelly, Bale, Stuart D., Bowen, Trevor A., Whittlesey, Phyllis L., Livi, Roberto, Larson, Davin E., Malaspina, David, Pulupa, Marc, Bonnell, John, Harvey, Peter, Goetz, Keith, Dudok de Wit, Thierry, & MacDowall, Robert 2020, The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series. Kinetic-scale Spectral Features of Cross Helicity and Residual Energy in the Inner Heliosphere

Bandyopadhyay, Riddhi, Goldstein, M. L., Maruca, B. A., Matthaeus, W. H., Parashar, T. N., Ruffolo, D., Chhiber, R., Usmanov, A., Chasapis, A., Qudsi, R., Bale, Stuart D., Bonnell, J. W., Dudok de Wit, Thierry, Goetz, Keith, Harvey, Peter R., MacDowall, Robert J., Malaspina, David M., Pulupa, Marc, Kasper, J. C., Korreck, K. E., Case, A. W., Stevens, M., Whittlesey, P., Larson, D., Livi, R., Klein, K. G., Velli, M., & Raouafi, N. 2020, The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series. Enhanced Energy Transfer Rate in Solar Wind Turbulence Observed near the Sun from Parker Solar Probe

Horbury, Timothy S., Woolley, Thomas, Laker, Ronan, Matteini, Lorenzo, Eastwood, Jonathan, Bale, Stuart D., Velli, Marco, Chandran, Benjamin D. G., Phan, Tai, Raouafi, Nour E., Goetz, Keith, Harvey, Peter R., Pulupa, Marc, Klein, K. G., Dudok de Wit, Thierry, Kasper, Justin C., Korreck, Kelly E., Case, A. W., Stevens, Michael L., Whittlesey, Phyllis, Larson, Davin, MacDowall, Robert J., Malaspina, David M., & Livi, Roberto 2020, The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series. Sharp Alfvénic Impulses in the Near-Sun Solar Wind

Case, A. W., Kasper, Justin C., Stevens, Michael L., Korreck, Kelly E., Paulson, Kristoff, Daigneau, Peter, Caldwell, Dave, Freeman, Mark, Henry, Thayne, Klingensmith, Brianna, Bookbinder, J. A., Robinson, Miles, Berg, Peter, Tiu, Chris, Wright, K. H., Reinhart, Matthew J., Curtis, David, Ludlam, Michael, Larson, Davin, Whittlesey, Phyllis, Livi, Roberto, Klein, Kristopher G., & Martinović, Mihailo M. 2020, The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series. The Solar Probe Cup on the Parker Solar Probe

Kim, T. K., Pogorelov, N. V., Arge, C. N., Henney, C. J., Jones-Mecholsky, S. I., Smith, W. P., Bale, S. D., Bonnell, J. W., Dudok de Wit, T., Goetz, K., Harvey, P. R., MacDowall, R. J., Malaspina, D. M., Pulupa, M., Kasper, J. C., Korreck, K. E., Stevens, M., Case, A. W., Whittlesey, P., Livi, R., Larson, D. E., Klein, K. G., & Zank, G. P. 2020, The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series. Predicting the Solar Wind at the Parker Solar Probe Using an Empirically Driven MHD Model

Adhikari, L., Zank, G. P., Zhao, L. -L., Kasper, J. C., Korreck, K. E., Stevens, M., Case, A. W., Whittlesey, P., Larson, D., Livi, R., & Klein, K. G. 2020, The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series. Turbulence Transport Modeling and First Orbit Parker Solar Probe (PSP) Observations

Tenerani, Anna, Velli, Marco, Matteini, Lorenzo, Réville, Victor, Shi, Chen, Bale, Stuart D., Kasper, Justin C., Bonnell, John W., Case, Anthony W., de Wit, Thierry Dudok, Goetz, Keith, Harvey, Peter R., Klein, Kristopher G., Korreck, Kelly, Larson, Davin, Livi, Roberto, MacDowall, Robert J., Malaspina, David M., Pulupa, Marc, Stevens, Michael, & Whittlesey, Phyllis 2020, The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series. Magnetic Field Kinks and Folds in the Solar Wind

Martinović, Mihailo M., Klein, Kristopher G., Kasper, Justin C., Case, Anthony W., Korreck, Kelly E., Larson, Davin, Livi, Roberto, Stevens, Michael, Whittlesey, Phyllis, Chandran, Benjamin D. G., Alterman, Ben L., Huang, Jia, Chen, Christopher H. K., Bale, Stuart D., Pulupa, Marc, Malaspina, David M., Bonnell, John W., Harvey, Peter R., Goetz, Keith, Dudok de Wit, Thierry, & MacDowall, Robert J. 2020, The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series. The Enhancement of Proton Stochastic Heating in the Near-Sun Solar Wind

Giacalone, J., Mitchell, D. G., Allen, R. C., Hill, M. E., McNutt, R. L., Szalay, J. R., Desai, M. I., Rouillard, A. P., Kouloumvakos, A., McComas, D. J., Christian, E. R., Schwadron, N. A., Wiedenbeck, M. E., Bale, S., Brown, L. E., Case, A., Chen, X., Cohen, C. M. S., Joyce, C., Kasper, J. C., Klein, K. G., Korreck, K., Larson, D. E., Livi, R., Leske, R. A., MacDowall, R. J., Matthaeus, W. H., Mewaldt, R. A., Nieves-Chinchilla, T., Pulupa, M., Roelof, E. C., Stevens, M. L., Szabo, A., & Whittlesey, P. L. 2020, The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series. Solar Energetic Particles Produced by a Slow Coronal Mass Ejection at ∼0.25 au

Zhao, L. -L., Zank, G. P., Adhikari, L., Hu, Q., Kasper, J. C., Bale, S. D., Korreck, K. E., Case, A. W., Stevens, M., Bonnell, J. W., Dudok de Wit, T., Goetz, K., Harvey, P. R., MacDowall, R. J., Malaspina, D. M., Pulupa, M., Larson, D. E., Livi, R., Whittlesey, P., & Klein, K. G. 2020, The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series. Identification of Magnetic Flux Ropes from Parker Solar Probe Observations during the First Encounter

Halekas, J. S., Whittlesey, P., Larson, D. E., McGinnis, D., Maksimovic, M., Berthomier, M., Kasper, J. C., Case, A. W., Korreck, K. E., Stevens, M. L., Klein, K. G., Bale, S. D., MacDowall, R. J., Pulupa, M. P., Malaspina, D. M., Goetz, K., & Harvey, P. R. 2020, The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series. Electrons in the Young Solar Wind: First Results from the Parker Solar Probe

Kasper, J. C., Bale, S. D., Belcher, J. W., Berthomier, M., Case, A. W., Chandran, B. D. G., Curtis, D. W., Gallagher, D., Gary, S. P., Golub, L., Halekas, J. S., Ho, G. C., Horbury, T. S., Hu, Q., Huang, J., Klein, K. G., Korreck, K. E., Larson, D. E., Livi, R., Maruca, B., Lavraud, B., Louarn, P., Maksimovic, M., Martinovic, M., McGinnis, D., Pogorelov, N. V., Richardson, J. D., Skoug, R. M., Steinberg, J. T., Stevens, M. L., Szabo, A., Velli, M., Whittlesey, P. L., Wright, K. H., Zank, G. P., MacDowall, R. J., McComas, D. J., McNutt, R. L., Pulupa, M., Raouafi, N. E., & Schwadron, N. A. 2019, Nature. Alfvénic velocity spikes and rotational flows in the near-Sun solar wind

Verscharen, Daniel, Klein, Kristopher G., & Maruca, Bennett A. 2019, Living Reviews in Solar Physics. The multi-scale nature of the solar wind

Klein, Kristopher G., Martinović, Mihailo, Stansby, David, & Horbury, Timothy S. 2019, The Astrophysical Journal. Linear Stability in the Inner Heliosphere: Helios Re-evaluated

Li, Tak Chu, Howes, Gregory G., Klein, Kristopher G., Liu, Yi-Hsin, & Tenbarge, Jason M. 2019, Journal of Plasma Physics. Collisionless energy transfer in kinetic turbulence: field-particle correlations in Fourier space

Martinović, Mihailo M., Klein, Kristopher G., & Bourouaine, Sofiane 2019, The Astrophysical Journal. Radial Evolution of Stochastic Heating in Low-β Solar Wind

Mallet, Alfred, Klein, Kristopher G., Chandran, Benjamin D. G., Grošelj, Daniel, Hoppock, Ian W., Bowen, Trevor A., Salem, Chadi S., & Bale, Stuart D. 2019, Journal of Plasma Physics. Interplay between intermittency and dissipation in collisionless plasma turbulence

Kasper, Justin C. & Klein, Kristopher G. 2019, The Astrophysical Journal. Strong Preferential Ion Heating is Limited to within the Solar Alfvén Surface

Chen, C. H. K., Klein, K. G., & Howes, G. G. 2019, Nature Communications. Evidence for electron Landau damping in space plasma turbulence

van der Holst, B., Manchester, W. B., Klein, K. G., & Kasper, J. C. 2019, The Astrophysical Journal. Predictions for the First Parker Solar Probe Encounter

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