PTYS/LPL Faculty
William Hubbard
Professor Emeritus
Exoplanets; Planetary Formation and Evolution, Planetary Atmospheres, Theoretical Astrophysics Research, Titan & Outer Solar System, Planetary interiors
Ph.D., 1967, Berkeley
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Kuiper 417
Years with LPL: 1972 to present
Dr. Hubbard's research focuses on studies of the structure and evolution of Jupiter, Saturn, and extrasolar giant planets (EGPs). Originally as a Co-Investigator with the proposed INSIDE Jupiter orbiter and now as a Juno Co-Investigator, he showed how high-precision gravity data from a close-range Jupiter orbiter can be used to determine the depths to which Jupiter's extraordinary zonal wind patterns penetrate. Hubbard contributed to the 2013-2022 Planetary Sciences Decadal Survey of the US National Research Council as a member of the Giant Planet Panel. He is a Fellow of the American Geophysical Union and of the American Association for the Advancement of Science. He was awarded the 2005 Gerard P. Kuiper Prize in Planetary Sciences by the Division for Planetary Sciences of the American Astronomical Society. In collaboration with Burkhard Militzer at UC Berkeley, Hubbard is incorporating Militzer's first-principles density-functional equations of state for hydrogen-helium mixtures in models of Jupiter, Saturn, and EGPs. The models are matched to measurements of heat flow, mass, radius, and high-order gravity field (where known). One of the main objectives of the research is a determination of the metallicity of Jupiter and a validation of the standard cooling theory that is applied to EGPs.
In collaboration with Adam Showman (LPL) and Yohai Kaspi (Caltech), Hubbard is analyzing the signature of interior dynamics on Jupiter's high-order gravity field.
The above projects are a component of Hubbard's research related to his role as a Co-Investigator on the Juno spacecraft scheduled to enter Jupiter orbit in 2016.
View LPL Evening Lecture from September 8, 2015, Juno - Revealing Jupiter's Depths
Current Grants
- Juno Science Support Phase E Activities, NASA
Current Spacecraft Involvement
- Juno (NASA New Frontiers Jupiter orbiter mission), launched August 2011, en route to Jupiter with orbit insertion in 2016: Juno Mission
Former Spacecraft Involvement
- INSIDE Jupiter Co-Investigator (low-periapse orbiter mission proposed under NASA Discovery Program, 1998 and 2001 cycles)
Student Collaborations/Advising
- Maki Hattori, 2008 (M.S. PTYS)
- Jonathan Fortney, 2004 (Ph.D. PTYS)
- Robert Marcialis, 1990 (Ph.D. PTYS)
- Mark Marley, 1990 (Ph.D. PTYS)
- Joseph MacFarlane, 1983 (Ph.D. PTYS)
- Wayne Slattery, 1976 (Ph.D. PTYS)
Former Postdocs
- Tristan Guillot, 1995-1996
- Didier Saumon, 1992-1994
- George Horedt, 1982-1983
Complete publications list available from: NASA ADS Author search: William B. Hubbard
Refereed publications (NASA ADS): Calendar Year 2016 through July 2018
Guillot, T., Miguel, Y., Militzer, B., Hubbard, W. B., Kaspi, Y., Galanti, E., Cao, H., Helled, R., Wahl, S. M., Iess, L., Folkner, W. M., Stevenson, D. J., Lunine, J. I., Reese, D. R., Biekman, A., Parisi, M., Durante, D., Connerney, J. E. P., Levin, S. M., Bolton, S. J. A suppression of differential rotation in Jupiter’s deep interior 2018Natur.555..227G
Kaspi, Y., Galanti, E., Hubbard, W. B., Stevenson, D. J., Bolton, S. J., Iess, L., Guillot, T., Bloxham, J., Connerney, J. E. P., Cao, H., Durante, D., Folkner, W. M., Helled, R., Ingersoll, A. P., Levin, S. M., Lunine, J. I., Miguel, Y., Militzer, B., Parisi, M., Wahl, S. M. Jupiter’s atmospheric jet streams extend thousands of kilometres deep 2018Natur.555..223K
Iess, L., Folkner, W. M., Durante, D., Parisi, M., Kaspi, Y., Galanti, E., Guillot, T., Hubbard, W. B., Stevenson, D. J., Anderson, J. D., Buccino, D. R., Casajus, L. G., Milani, A., Park, R., Racioppa, P., Serra, D., Tortora, P., Zannoni, M., Cao, H., Helled, R., Lunine, J. I., Miguel, Y., Militzer, B., Wahl, S., Connerney, J. E. P., Levin, S. M., Bolton, S. J. Measurement of Jupiter’s asymmetric gravity field 2018Natur.555..220I
Robinson, T. D., Fortney, J. J., Hubbard, W. B. Analytic Scattering and Refraction Models for Exoplanet Transit Spectra 2017ApJ...850..128R
Bolton, S. J., Lunine, J., Stevenson, D., Connerney, J. E. P., Levin, S., Owen, T. C., Bagenal, F., Gautier, D., Ingersoll, A. P., Orton, G. S., Guillot, T., Hubbard, W., Bloxham, J., Coradini, A., Stephens, S. K., Mokashi, P., Thorne, R., Thorpe, R. The Juno Mission 2017SSRv..213....5B
Kaspi, Y., Guillot, T., Galanti, E., Miguel, Y., Helled, R., Hubbard, W. B., Militzer, B., Wahl, S. M., Levin, S., Connerney, J. E. P., Bolton, S. J. The effect of differential rotation on Jupiter's low-degree even gravity moments 2017GeoRL..44.5960K
Bolton, S. J., Adriani, A., Adumitroaie, V., Allison, M., Anderson, J., Atreya, S., Bloxham, J., Brown, S., Connerney, J. E. P., DeJong, E., Folkner, W., Gautier, D., Grassi, D., Gulkis, S., Guillot, T., Hansen, C., Hubbard, W. B., Iess, L., Ingersoll, A., Janssen, M., Jorgensen, J., Kaspi, Y., Levin, S. M., Li, C., Lunine, J., Miguel, Y., Mura, A., Orton, G., Owen, T., Ravine, M., Smith, E., Steffes, P., Stone, E., Stevenson, D., Thorne, R., Waite, J., Durante, D., Ebert, R. W., Greathouse, T. K., Hue, V., Parisi, M., Szalay, J. R., Wilson, R. Jupiter's interior and deep atmosphere: The initial pole-to-pole passes with the Juno spacecraft 2017Sci...356..821B
Wahl, S. M., Hubbard, W. B., Militzer, B., Guillot, T., Miguel, Y., Movshovitz, N., Kaspi, Y., Helled, R., Reese, D., Galanti, E., Levin, S., Connerney, J. E., Bolton, S. J. Comparing Jupiter interior structure models to Juno gravity measurements and the role of a dilute core 2017GeoRL..44.4649W
Wahl, S. M., Hubbard, W. B., Militzer, B. The Concentric Maclaurin Spheroid method with tides and a rotational enhancement of Saturn's tidal response 2017Icar..282..183W
Wahl, S. M., Hubbard, W. B., Militzer, B. Tidal Response of Preliminary Jupiter Model 2016ApJ...831...14W
Militzer, B., Soubiran, F., Wahl, S. M., Hubbard, W. Understanding Jupiter's interior 2016JGRE..121.1552M
Kaspi, Y., Davighi, J. E., Galanti, E., Hubbard, W. B. The gravitational signature of internal flows in giant planets: Comparing the thermal wind approach with barotropic potential-surface methods 2016Icar..276..170K
Wisdom, J., Hubbard, W. B. Differential rotation in Jupiter: A comparison of methods 2016Icar..267..315W
Hubbard, W. B., Militzer, B. A Preliminary Jupiter Model 2016ApJ...820...80H
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