Robert Brown

PTYS/LPL Faculty

Robert Brown

Professor Emeritus

Ph.D., 1982, University of Hawaii

Years with LPL: 1996 to present

 

Dr. Brown's research interests center on observational, theoretical, and laboratory studies of planetary surfaces and surface processes.

His recent work has focused on: models of processes acting on icy surfaces in the outer solar system, the surface composition and geology of Saturn's Titan, the design and construction of advanced spacecraft instrumentation, determination of the chemical and isotopic composition of icy surfaces, laboratory/theoretical studies of evaporative isotopic fractionation on comets and icy satellites and spacecraft studies of the outer solar system.

Of particular interest in his research are Titan and the rest of Saturn's icy moons.

Current Grants

  • Cassini Solstice Mission

Former Spacecraft Involvement

  • Member of the MICAS science team for the New Millennium Deep Space 1 Mission
  • Member of the CIRCLE team for the New Millennium Deep Space 4 Mission
  • Member, Satellites Working Group, Voyager Imaging Science Team, for the Uranus and Neptune flybys
  • Member, Satellites Working Group, Voyager Project Science Group, for the Uranus and Neptune flybys.
  • Member, Visual and Infrared Mapping Spectrometer (VIMS) Flight Science Team, Comet Rendezvous/Asteroid Flyby mission
  • Member, steering group for the consolidated VIMS development project, CRAF and Cassini missions
  • Team Leader for the VIMS Facility Instrument on the Cassini Orbiter

Student Collaborations/Advising

Former Students

  • Eric Palmer, 2009 (Ph.D. PTYS)
  • Nicole Baugh, 2008 (M.S. PTYS)
  • John Moores, 2008 (Ph.D. PTYS)
  • Jason Barnes, 2004 (Ph.D. PTYS)
  • Rachel Mastrapa, 2004 (Ph.D. PTYS)
  • Joshua Emery, 2002 (Ph.D. PTYS)
  • David Trilling, 1999 (Ph.D. PTYS)

Former Postdocs

  • Jason Barnes
  • Eric Palmer
  • Andy Rivkin
  • Jason Soderblom

 

Selected Publications

(1) Fanale, F. P., R. H. Brown, D. P. Cruikshank and R. N. Clark (1979). Significance of absorption features in Io's IR reflectance spectrum. Nature 280, 761-763.

(2) Terrile, R. J., R. W. Capps, D. E. Bachman, E. E. Becklin, D. P. Cruikshank, C. A. Beichman, R. H. Brown and J. A. Westfall (1979). Infrared images of Jupiter at 5-micrometer wavelength during the Voyager 1 encounter. Science 204, 67-68.

(3) Brown, R. H., D. P. Cruikshank and A. T. Tokunaga (1981). The rotation period of Neptune's upper atmosphere. Icarus 47, 159-165.

(4) Cruikshank, D. P and R. H. Brown (1981). The Uranian satellites: Water ice on Ariel and Umbriel. Icarus 45, 607-611.

(5) Brown, R. H. (1982). The Uranian satellites: Spectrophotometric and radiometric studies of their surface properties and diameters. Ph.D. dissertation, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hi. 96822.

(6) Brown, R. H., D. P. Cruikshank and D. Morrison (1982). Diameters and albedos of satellites of Uranus. Nature 300, 423-425.

(7) Brown, R. H., D. Morrison, C. M. Telesco and W. E. Brunk (1982). Calibration of the radiometric asteroid scale using occultation diameters. Icarus 52, 188-195.

(8) Cruikshank, D. P., J. F. Bell, M. J. Gaffey, R. H. Brown, R. Howell, C. Beerman and M. Rognstad (1982). The dark side of Iapetus. Icarus 53, 90-104.

(9) Cruikshank, D. P. and R. H. Brown (1982). Surface composition and radius of Hyperion. Icarus 50, 82-87.

(10) Morrison, D., D. P. Cruikshank and R. H. Brown (1982). Diameters of Triton and Pluto. Nature 300, 425-427.

(11) Brown, R. H. (1983). The Uranian satellites and Hyperion: New spectrophotometry and compositional implications. Icarus 56, 414-425.

(12) Brown, R. H. and D. P. Cruikshank (1983). The Uranian satellites: Surface compositions and opposition brightness surges. Icarus 55, 83-92.

(13) Brown, R. H. and D. Morrison (1983). Diameters and albedos of 35 asteroids. Icarus 59, 20-24.

(14) Cruikshank, D. P. and R. H. Brown (1983). The nucleus of comet P/Schwassmann-Wachmann 1. Icarus 56, 377-380.

(15) Dwek, E., M. F. A'Hearn, E. E. Becklin, R. H. Brown, R. W. Capps, H. L. Dinerstein, I. Gatley, D. Morrison, C. M. Telesco, A. T. Tokunaga, M. W. Werner and G. C. Wynn-Williams (1983). The evolution of the infrared emission from the type II supernova 1980k in NGC 6946: The dust formation model. Ap. J. 274, 168-174.

(16) Brown, R. H. (1984). Physical properties of the Uranian satellites. Invited paper in Uranus and Neptune (J. Bergstrahl, Ed.) NASA conference publication #2330, pp. 437-459. 

(17) Brown, R. H. and R. N. Clark (1984). Surface of Miranda: Identification of water ice. Icarus 58, 288-292.

(18) Clark, R. N., R. H. Brown, P. D. Owensby and J. A. Steele (1984). Saturn's satellites: Near-infrared spectrophotometry (0.65 2.5 mm) of the leading and trailing sides and compositional implications. Icarus 58, 265-281.

(19) Cruikshank, D. P., R. H. Brown and R. N. Clark (1984). Nitrogen on Triton. Icarus 58, 293-305.

(20) Johnson, T. V., D. Morrison, D. L. Matson, G. J. Veeder, R. H. Brown and R. M. Nelson (1984). Io volcanic hot spots: Stability and longitudinal distribution. Science 226, 134-137.

(21) Brown, R. H. (1985). Ellipsoidal geometry in asteroid thermal models: The standard radiometric model. Icarus 64, 53-63.

(22) Brown, R. H. (1985). Icy satellites of Uranus. Invited paper in the proceedings of the NATO advanced study workshop entitled, Ices in the Solar System (A. Dollfus and J. Klinger, Eds.).

(23) Brown, R. H. and D. P. Cruikshank (1985). Satellites of Uranus, Neptune and Pluto. Scientific American 253, 38-47.

(24) Brown, R. H., D. P. Cruikshank and D. Griep (1985). Temperature of comet Iras-Araki-Alcock (1983d). Icarus 62, 273-281.

(25) Cruikshank, D. P., R. H. Brown and R. N. Clark (1985). Methane ice on Triton and Pluto. Invited review in the proceedings of the NATO advanced study workshop, Ices in the Solar System (A. Dollfus and J. Klinger, Eds.), pp. 817-827, Dordrecht Reidel. 

(26) Cruikshank, D. P. and R. H. Brown (1986). Satellites of Uranus and Neptune, and the Pluto-Charon system. In Satellites, (J. Burns and M. S. Matthews, Eds.), pp. 836-874, The University of Arizona Press, Tucson.

(27) Lebofsky, L. A., M. V. Sykes, E. F. Tedesco, G. J. Veeder, D. L. Matson, R. H. Brown, J. C. Gradie, M. A. Feierberg and R. J. Judy (1986). A refined "standard" thermal model for asteroids based on observations of asteroid 1 Ceres and 2 Pallas. Icarus 68, 239-251.

(28) Orton, G. S., K. H. Baines, J. T. Bergstalh, R. H. Brown, J. Caldwell and A. T. Tokunaga (1986). Infrared radiometry of Uranus and Neptune at 21 and 32 microns. Icarus 69, 230-238.

(29) Smith, B. A., L. A. Soderblom, R. Beebe, D. Bliss, J. M. Boyce, A. Brahic, G. A. Briggs, R. H. Brown, S. A. Collins, A. F. Cook II, S. K. Croft, J. N. Cuzzi, G. E. Danielson, M. E. Davies, T. E. Dowling, D. Godfrey, C. J. Hansen, C. Harris, G. E. Hunt, A. P. Ingersoll, T. V. Johnson, R. J. Krauss, H. Masursky, D. Morrison, T. Owen, J. B. Plescia, J. B. Pollack, C. C. Porco, K. Rages, C. Sagan, E. M. Shoemaker, L. A. Sromovsky, C. Stoker, R. G. Strom, V. E. Suomi, S. P. Synnott, R. J. Terrile, P. Thomas, W. R. Thompson and J. Veverka (1986). Voyager 2 at Uranus: Imaging Science Results. Science 233, 43-64.

(30) Brown, R. H. and D. L. Matson (1987). Thermal effects of insolation propagation into the regoliths of airless bodies. Icarus 72, 84-94.

(31) Cruikshank, D. P. and R. H. Brown (1987). Organic matter on asteroid 130 Elektra. Science 238, 183-184.

(32) Johnson, T. V., R. H. Brown and J. B. Pollack (1987). Uranus' satellites: Densities and compositions. Jour. of Geophys. Res. 92, A13, 14959-14968.

(33) Johnson, T. V., R. H. Brown and L. A. Soderblom (1987). The Uranian satellites. Scientific American 256, 48-75.

(34) Thomas, P., J. Veverka, P. Helfenstein, R. H. Brown and T. V. Johnson (1987). Titania's opposition effect: Analysis of Voyager observations. Jour. Geophys. Res. 92, A13, 14911-14917.

(35) Thomas, P., J. Veverka, P. Helfenstein, T. V. Johnson and R. H. Brown (1987). Voyager observations of 1985U1. Icarus 72, 79-83.

(36) Veverka, J., P. Thomas, P. Helfenstein, R. H. Brown and T. V. Johnson (1987). Satellites of Uranus: Disk-integrated photometry from Voyager imaging. Jour. Geophys. Res. 92, A13, 14895-14904.

(37) Bell, J. F., R. H. Brown and B. Ray Hawke (1988). Composition and size of Apollo asteroid 1984KB. Icarus 73, 482-486.

(38) Brown, R. H., D. P. Cruikshank, A. T. Tokunaga, R. G. Smith and R. N. Clark (1988). Search for volatiles on icy satellites I: Europa. Icarus 74, 262-271.

(39) Cruikshank, D. P., R. H. Brown, A. T. Tokunaga, R. G. Smith and J. R. Piscitelli (1988). Volatiles on Triton: The infrared spectral evidence, 2.0 2.5 micrometers. Icarus 74, 413-423.

(40) Goguen, J. D., W. M. Sinton, D. L. Matson, R. R. Howell, H. M. Dyck, T. V. Johnson, R. H. Brown, G. J. Veeder, A. L. Lane, R. M. Nelson and R. A. McLaren (1988). Io hot spots: Infrared photometry of satellite occultations. Icarus 76, 465-484.

(41) Johnson, T. V., G. J. Veeder, D. L. Matson, R. H. Brown, R. M. Nelson and D. Morrison (1988). Io: Evidence for silicate volcanism in 1986. Science 242, 1280-1283.

(42) Tokunaga, A. T., K.-W. Hodapp, E. E. Becklin, M. Rigler, R. H. Brown and D. P. Cruikshank (1988). The infrared spectrum and image of G29 38. Ap. J. Lett. 332: L71-L74.

(43) Goguen, J., H. Hammel and R. H. Brown (1989). V photometry of Titania, Oberon and Triton. Icarus 77, 81-95.

(44) Matson, D. L. and R. H. Brown (1989). Solid-state greenhouses and their implications for icy satellites. Icarus 77, 67-81.

(45) Cruikshank, D. P., R. H. Brown, L. P. Giver and A. T. Tokunaga (1989). Triton: Do we see the surface? Science 245, 283-286.

(46) Smith, B. A. et al. including R. H. Brown (1989). Imaging science at Neptune. Science, 246, 1422-1449.

(47) Fanale, F. P., J. R. Salvail, D. L. Matson and R. H. Brown (1990). The effect of volume phase changes, mass transport, sunlight penetration and densification on the thermal regime of icy regoliths. Icarus, 88, 193-204.

(48) Brown, R. H., T. V. Johnson, S. Synnott, J. D. Anderson, R. A. Jacobson, S. F. Dermott and P. Thomas (1990). Physical properties of the Uranian satellites. In Uranus, (J. Bergstralh and E. Miner, Editors), pp. 513-527, University of Arizona Press, Tucson.

(49) Veverka, J., R. H. Brown and J. F. Bell (1990). Surface properties of the satellites of Uranus. In Uranus (J. Bergstalh and E. Miner, Editors), pp. 528-560, University of Arizona Press, Tucson.

(50) Brown, R. H., T. V. Johnson, R. L. Kirk, T. V. Johnson and L. A. Soderblom (1990). Energy sources for Triton's geyser-like plumes. Science 250, 431-434.

(51) Hillier, J., P. Helfenstein, A. Verbischer, J. Veverka, R. H. Brown, J. Goguen and T. V. Johnson (1990). Voyager disk-integrated photometry of Triton. Science 250, 419-420.

(52) Kirk, R. L., R. H. Brown and L. A. Soderblom (1990). Subsurface energy storage and transport for solar-powered geysers on Triton. Science 250, 424-428.

(53) Soderblom, L. A., S. W. Keiffer, T. L. Becker, R. H. Brown, A. F. Cook II, C. J. Hansen, T. V. Johnson, R. L. Kirk, and E. M. Shoemaker (1990). Triton's geyser-like plumes: Discovery and basic characterization. Science 250, 410-414.

(54) Cruikshank, D. P., D. J. Tholen, W. K., J. F. Bell and R. H. Brown (1991). Three basaltic asteroids and the source of the Eucrites. Icarus 89, 1-13.

(55) Brown, R. H., T. V. Johnson, J. D. Goguen, G. Schubert and M. N. Ross (1991). Triton's global heat budget. Science 251, 1465-1467.

(56) Cruikshank, D. P., W. K. Hartmann, D. J. Tholen, L. J. Allamandola, R. H. Brown, and C. N. Matthews (1991). Solid C°N-bearing material on solar system bodies. Icarus 94, 345 353.

(57) Duxbury, N. S. and R. H. Brown (1993). The phase composition of Triton's polar caps. Science 261, 748-751.

(58) Cruikshank, D. P., T. E. Roush, T. Owen, T. Geballe, C. De Bergh, B. Schmitt, R. H. Brown and M. J. Bartholemew (1993). Ices on the surface of Triton. Science 261, 742-745.

(59) Gaffey, M. J., J. F. Bell, R. H. Brown, T. H. Burbine, J. Piatek, K. L. Reed, and D. A. Chakey (1993). Mineralogical variations within the S-type asteroid class. Icarus 103, 573-602.

(60) Tryka, K. A., R. H. Brown, and V. A. Anicich (1993). Spectroscopic determination of the phase composition and temperature of nitrogen ice on Triton. Science 261, 751-754.

(61) Cruikshank, D. P. and R. H. Brown (1993). Remote sensing of ices and ice-mineral mixtures in the outer solar system. In Remote Geochemical Analyses: Elemental and Mineralogical Composition (C. Pieters and P. Englert, Eds.).

(62) Owen, T. C., D. P. Cruikshank, T. L. Roush, J. Elliot, L. Young, C. deBergh, B. Schmitt, R. H. Brown, and K. Jones (1993). Pluto: Surface ices and atmospheric composition. Science 261, 745-748.

(63) Brown, R. H. and R. L. Kirk (1994). Coupling of internal heat and volatile transport on Triton. J.G.R. Planets 99, NO. E1, 1965-1981.

(64) Brown, R. H., D. P. Cruikshank, J. Eluszciewicz, J. Veverka and P. Helfenstein (1994). Surface composition and photometric properties of Triton. In Neptune and Triton (D. P. Cruikshank, Ed.), University of Arizona Press, Tucson.

(65) Yelle, R., J. I. Lunine, R. H. Brown and J. Pollack (1994). Atmospheric structure, composition and volatile transport on Triton. In Neptune and Triton (D. P. Cruikshank, Ed.), University of Arizona Press, Tucson.

(66) Soderblom, L. A., R. L. Kirk, R. H. Brown and S. W. Kieffer (1994). Triton's eruptive plumes: Discovery, characteristics and models. In Neptune and Triton (D. P. Cruikshank, Ed.), University of Arizona Press, Tucson.

(67) Tryka, K. A., R. H. Brown, D. P. Cruikshank, T. C. Owen, T. R. Geballe and C. DeBergh (1994). Temperature of Nitrogen ice on Pluto and its implications from flux measurements. Icarus 112, 513-527.

(68) Calvin, W. M., R. N. Clark, R. H. Brown and J. R. Spencer (1995). Spectra of the icy Galilean satellites from 0.2 to 5 µ: A compilation, new observations and a recent summary. J.G.R. Planets 100, 19041-19048.

(69) Tryka, K. A., R. H. Brown, and V. A. Anicich (1995). Near-Infrared absorption coefficients of solid nitrogen as a function of temperature. Icarus 116, 409-414.

(70) Beauchamp, P. M., Brown, R. H., Bruce, C. F., Chen, G.-S., Chrisp, M. P., Fraschetti, G. A., Krabach, T. N., Petrick, S. W., Rodgers, D. H., Rodriguez, J., Soll, S. L., Vaughan, A. H., Soderblom, L. A., Sandel, B. R., and Yelle, R. V. (1995). Pluto integrated camera spectrometer (PICS) instrument. Acta Astronautica 35, 99-108.

(71) Veverka, J., Adams, G. L., Binzel, R. P., Brown, R. H., Evans, L., Gaffey, M. J., Gavin, T., Klaasen, K., Miller, S. L., Squyers, C., Thomas, P. C., Trombka, J., & Yeomans, D. K. (1995). MASTER: a Discovery-class mission for the detailed study of large mainbelt asteroids. Acta Astronautica (UK) 35, Suppl. issue, 201-210.

(72) Cruikshank, D. P., T. L. Roush, J. Moore, M. Sykes, T. C. Owen, R. H. Brown, and K. A. Tryka (1997). The surfaces of Pluto and Charon. In Pluto and Charon, (D. J. Tholen and S. A. Stern, Eds.), University of Arizona Press, Tucson.

(73) Brown, R. H. and D. P. Cruikshank (1997). Determination of the composition and state of icy surfaces in the outer solar system. In Annual Reviews of Earth and Planetary Sciences 25, 243-277.

(74) Duxbury, N. S. and R. H. Brown (1997). The role of an internal heat source for the eruptive plumes on Triton. Icarus 125, 83-93.

(75) Brown, R. H., D. P. Cruikshank, Y. Pendleton and G. J. Veeder (1997). Surface composition of Kuiper Belt object 1993 SC. Science 276, 937-939.

(76) Cruikshank, D. P., R. H. Brown, W. Calvin and T. L. Roush (1998). Ices on the satellites of Jupiter, Saturn and Uranus. In Solar System Ices (M. Festou and B. Schmitt, Eds.), p.p. 579-606.

(77) Brown, R. H., D. P. Cruikshank, Y. Pendleton and G. J. Veeder (1998). Identification of water ice on Centaur 1997 CU26. Science 280, 1430-1432.

(78) Trilling, D. and R. H. Brown (1998). Infrared Imaging of a Circumstellar Disk around 55 Cancri. Nature 395, 775-777.

(79) Duxbury, N. S., R. H. Brown, and V. Anicich (1998). Condensation of Nitrogen: Implications for Pluto and Triton. Icarus, in press.

(80) Cruikshank, D. P., T. L. Roush, M. J. Bartholomew, L. V. Moroz, T. R. Geballe, S. M. White, J. F. Bell III, Y. J. Pendleton, J. K. Davies, T. C. Owen, C. deBergh, D. J. Tholen, M. P. Bernstein, R. H. Brown, and K. A. Tryka (1998). The composition of planetesimal 5145 Pholus. Icarus 135, 389-407.

(81) Brown, R. H., D. P. Cruikshank, Y. Pendleton and G. J. Veeder (1999). Water ice on Nereid. Icarus 139, 374-378.

(82) Brown, R. H., D. P. Cruikshank, and Y. Pendleton (1999). Identification of water ice on Kuiper Belt object 1996 TO66. Ap. J. Letters 519, L101-104.

(83) Leggett, S. J., D. W. Toomey, T. R. Geballe and R. H. Brown (1999). Refined flux measurements of Gliese 229B. Ap. J.Letters, 517 L139-142.

(84) Lunine, J. I., T. C. Owen and R. H. Brown (2000). The outer solar system: Chemical constraints at low temperatures on planet formation. In Protostars and Planets IV (V. Mannings, A. Boss and S. Russell, eds.), 1055-1080.

(85) Trilling, D. E., R. H. Brown, and A. S. Rivkin (2000). Circumstellar dust disks around stars with known planetary companions. Ap. J. Letters 529, 499-505.

(86) Girard, T. M., H. Wu, J. T. Lee, S. E. Dyson, W. F. van Altena, E. P. Horch, R. L. Gilliland, K. G. Schaefer, H. E. Bond, C. Ftaclas, R. H. Brown, D. W. Toomey, H. L. Shipman, J. L. Provencal, D. Poirbaix (2000). A redetermination of the mass of Procyon. Astron. J. 119, 2428-2436.

(87) Kern, S., D. McCarthy, M. W. Buie, R. H. Brown, H. Campins (2000). Compositional variation on the surface of Centaur 1995 GO. Ap. J. Lett., 542, L155-L159.

(88) Trilling, D. E., and R. H. Brown (2000). Red, grey, and blue: Near infrared spectrophotometry of faint moons of Uranus and Neptune. Icarus 148, 301-306 (note).

(89) Dumas, C., R. J. Terrile, R. H. Brown, G. Schneider and T. Owen (2000). HST/NICMOS spectroscopy of Charon's leading and trailing hemispheres. Astron. J. 121, 1163-1170.

(90) Baines, K. H., G. Bellucci, J.-P. Bibring, R. H. Brown, B. J. Burratti, E. Bussoletti. F. Capaccioni, P. Cerroni, R. N. Clark, A. Coradini, D. P. Cruikshank, P. Drossart, V. Formisano, R. Jaumann, Y. Langevin, D. L. Matson, T. B. McCord, V. Mennella, R. M. Nelson, P. D. Nicholson, B. Sicardy, C. Sotin, J. J. Aiello, S. Amici (2000). Detection of sub-micron radiation of Venus by Cassini VIMS. Icarus 148, 307-311.

(91) Trilling, D. E., D. W. Koerner, J. Barnes, C. Ftaclas, and R. H. Brown (2001). Near-infrared imaging of the circumstellar disk around TW Hydrae. Ap. J. Lett. 552, 151-154.

(92) Cruikshank, D. P., T. R Geballe, T. C. Owen, C. M. Dalle Ore, T. L. Roush, R. H. Brown, J. H. Lewis (2002). Search for the 3.4-µm C-H spectral bands on low-albedo asteroids. Icarus 156, 434-441.

(93) Rivkin, A. S., R. H. Brown, D. E. Trilling, J. Bell and J. Plassman (2002). Near-infrared spectrophotometry of Phobos and Deimos. Icarus 156, 64-75.

(94) Soderblom, L.A., T. L. Becker, G. Bennett, D. C. Boice, D. T. Britt, R. H. Brown, B. J. Buratti, C. Isbell, B. Giese, T. Hare, M. D. Hicks, E. Howington-Krause, R. L. Kirk, M. Lee, R. M. Nelson, J. Oberst, T. C. Owen, B. R. Sandel, S. A. Stern, N. Thomas, and R. V. Yelle (2002). Preliminary results from observations of comet 19P/Borrelly by the Miniature Integrated Camera Spectrometer aboard Deep Space 1. Science 296, 1087-1091.

(95) Boice, D. C., L. A. Soderblom, D. T. Britt, R. H. Brown, B. R. Sandel, R. V. Yelle, B. J. Buratti, M. D. Hicks, R. M. Nelson, M. D. Rayman, J. Oberst, N. Thomas (2002). The Deep Space 1 encounter with comet 19P/Borrelly. Earth, Moon and Planets 89, 301-324.

(96) Bellucci, G., R. H. Brown, V. Formisano, K. H. Baines, J.-P. Bibring, B. J. Buratti, F. Capaccioni, P. Cerroni, R. N. Clark, A. Coradini, D. P. Cruikshank, P. Drossart, V. Formisano, R. Jaumann, Y. Langevin, D. L. Matson, T. B. McCord, V. Mennella, R. M. Nelson, P. D. Nicholson, B. Sicardy, and C. Sotin (2002). Cassini/VIMS observations of the moon. Advances in Space Research 30(8), 1889-1894.

(97) Brown, R. H., K. A. Baines, G. Bellucci, J.-P. Bibring, B. J. Buratti, F. Capaccioni, P. Cerroni, R. N. Clark, A. Coradini, D. P. Cruikshank, P. Drossart, V. Formisano, R. Jaumann, Y. Langevin, D. L. Matson, T. B. McCord, V. Mennella, R. M. Nelson, P. D. Nicholson, B. Sicardy, C. Sotin, S. Amici, M. A. Chamberlain, G. Filacchioni, G. Hansen, K. Hibbitts, M. Showalter (2003). Observations with the Visual and Infared Mapping Spectrometer (VIMS) During the Cassini Flyby of Jupiter. Icarus 164, 461-470.

(98) A. S. Rivkin, J. K. Davies, J. R. Johnson, S. L. Ellison, D. E. Trilling, R. H. Brown, and L. A. Lebofsky (2003). Hydrogen concentrations on C-class asteroids derived from remote sensing. Meteoritics and Planetary Science 38, Nr. 9, 1383-1398.

(99) Emery, J. P. and R. H. Brown (2003). Constraints on the surface composition of Trojan asteroids from near-infrared (0.8-4.0 um) spectroscopy. Icarus 164, 104-121.

(100) Formisano, V., D'Aversa, E., Bellucci, G., Baines, K. H., Bibring, J. P., Brown, R. H., Buratti, B. J., Capaccioni, F., Cerroni, P., Clark, R. N., Coradini, A., Cruikshank, D. P., Drossart, P., Jaumann, R., Langevin, Y., Matson, D. L., McCord, T. B., Mennella, V., Nelson, R. M., Nicholson, P. D., Sicardy, B., Sotin, C., Chamberlain, M. C., Hansen, G., Hibbitts, K., Showalter, M., & Filacchione, G. (2003). Cassini-VIMS at Jupiter: solar occultation measurements using Io. Icarus 166, 75-84.

(101) L.A. Soderblom, D. C. Boice, D. T. Britt, R. H. Brown, B. J. Buratti, R. L. Fink, M. Lee, R. M. Nelson, J. Oberst, B. R. Sandel, S. A. Stern, N. Thomas, and R. V. Yelle (2004). Imaging Borrelly. Icarus 167, 4-15.

(102) L. A. Soderblom, R. H. Brown, B. J. Buratti, R. L. Kirk, T. C. Owen, and R. V. Yelle (2004). Short-wavelength infrared (1.3-2.6 um) observations of the Nucleus of 19P/Borrelly. Icarus 167, 100-112.

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